Ƙididdigar zamantakewa na kiwon lafiya (SDOH) suna da alaƙa da haɗin kai tare da abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da yawa.Tunani yana da mahimmanci don koyan SDH.Koyaya, rahotanni kaɗan ne kawai ke nazarin shirye-shiryen SDH;Yawancin karatu ne na yanki.Mun nemi yin nazari na dogon lokaci na shirin SDH a cikin kwas ɗin ilimin kiwon lafiya na al'umma (CBME) da aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2018 bisa ga matakin da abun ciki na rahoton da ɗalibin ya bayar akan SDH.
Ƙirar bincike: Gabaɗaya tsarin inductive don nazarin bayanai masu inganci.Shirin Ilimi: An ba da horon sati 4 na tilas a likitanci gabaɗaya da kulawa na farko a Jami'ar Tsukuba School of Medicine, Japan, ga duk ɗaliban likitanci na shekaru biyar da shida.Daliban sun shafe makwanni uku suna bakin aiki a asibitocin al’umma da kuma asibitocin da ke bayan gari da kuma yankunan karkarar Ibaraki.Bayan ranar farko ta laccoci na SDH, an nemi ɗalibai su shirya rahotannin da aka tsara dangane da yanayin da aka fuskanta yayin karatun.A rana ta ƙarshe, ɗalibai sun ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin tarurrukan rukuni kuma sun gabatar da takarda akan SDH.Shirin yana ci gaba da ingantawa da samar da ci gaban malamai.Mahalarta karatu: ɗaliban da suka kammala shirin tsakanin Oktoba 2018 da Yuni 2021. Nazari: An rarraba matakin tunani a matsayin mai tunani, nazari ko bayyanawa.Ana nazarin abun ciki ta amfani da dandamalin Facts Facts.
Mun bincika rahotanni 118 na 2018-19, rahotanni 101 na 2019-20 da rahotanni 142 na 2020-21.Akwai 2 (1.7%), 6 (5.9%) da 7 (4.8%) rahotanni na tunani, 9 (7.6%), 24 (23.8%) da 52 (35.9%) rahoton bincike, 36 (30.5%) bi da bi. 48 (47.5%) da 79 (54.5%) rahotanni masu bayyanawa.Ba zan yi tsokaci akan sauran ba.Yawan Ayyukan Fahimtar Facts a cikin rahoton shine 2.0 ± 1.2, 2.6 ± 1.3, da 3.3 ± 1.4, bi da bi.
Kamar yadda ayyukan SDH a cikin darussan CBME ke inganta, fahimtar ɗalibai game da SDH yana ci gaba da zurfafawa.Watakila an sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar ci gaban malamai.Fahimtar fahimta na SDH na iya buƙatar ƙarin haɓaka ɗalibai da haɗin gwiwar ilimi a cikin ilimin zamantakewa da magani.
Ƙididdigar zamantakewa na kiwon lafiya (SDH) abubuwan da ba na likita ba ne waɗanda ke tasiri yanayin kiwon lafiya, ciki har da yanayin da aka haifi mutane, girma, aiki, rayuwa da shekaru [1].SDH yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan lafiyar mutane, kuma kulawar likita kadai ba zai iya canza tasirin lafiyar SDH [1,2,3].Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya dole ne su san SDH [4, 5] kuma su ba da gudummawa ga al'umma a matsayin masu ba da shawara na kiwon lafiya [6] don rage mummunan sakamakon SDH [4,5,6].
Muhimmancin koyar da SDH a cikin ilimin likitanci na karatun digiri an san shi sosai [4,5,7], amma akwai kuma kalubale da yawa da ke hade da ilimin SDH.Ga ɗaliban likitanci, mahimmancin mahimmancin haɗa SDH zuwa hanyoyin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta [8] na iya zama mafi sabani, amma alaƙar da ke tsakanin ilimin SDH da horo na asibiti na iya iyakancewa.Dangane da Ƙungiyar Likitocin Amurka don Haɓaka Canji a Ilimin Likita, ana ba da ƙarin ilimin SDH a cikin shekaru na farko da na biyu na ilimin likitanci na karatun digiri fiye da na shekaru uku ko na huɗu [7].Ba duk makarantun likitanci a Amurka ba ne ke koyar da SDH a matakin asibiti [9], tsawon kwas ɗin ya bambanta [10], kuma darussan galibi zaɓaɓɓu ne [5, 10].Saboda rashin daidaituwa akan cancantar SDH, dabarun tantance ɗalibai da shirye-shirye sun bambanta [9].Don inganta ilimin SDH a cikin ilimin likita na digiri na farko, ya zama dole don aiwatar da ayyukan SDH a cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na ilimin likitancin likita da kuma gudanar da kimantawa da ya dace na ayyukan [7, 8].Japan kuma ta fahimci mahimmancin ilimin SDH a ilimin likitanci.A cikin 2017, an haɗa ilimin SDH a cikin ainihin tsarin karatun ilimin likitanci, yana bayyana maƙasudin da za a cimma yayin kammala karatun digiri daga makarantar likitanci [11].An ƙara jaddada wannan a cikin bita na 2022 [12].Koyaya, har yanzu ba a kafa hanyoyin koyarwa da tantance SDH a Japan ba.
A cikin bincikenmu da ya gabata, mun tantance matakin tunani a cikin rahotannin manyan ɗaliban likitanci da kuma tsarin su ta hanyar kimanta aikin SDH a cikin karatun ilimin likitanci na al'umma (CBME) [13] a jami'ar Japan.Fahimtar SDH [14].Fahimtar SDH yana buƙatar koyo mai canzawa [10].Bincike, gami da namu, ya mai da hankali kan tunanin ɗalibai kan kimanta ayyukan SDH [10, 13].A cikin darussan farko da muka bayar, ɗalibai sun yi kama da sun fahimci wasu abubuwa na SDH fiye da sauran, kuma matakin tunanin su game da SDH ya kasance kaɗan [13].Dalibai sun zurfafa fahimtar SDH ta hanyar abubuwan da suka shafi al'umma kuma sun canza ra'ayoyinsu game da samfurin likita zuwa tsarin rayuwa [14].Waɗannan sakamakon suna da mahimmanci lokacin da ka'idodin tsarin karatu don ilimin SDH da ƙima da ƙimarsu ba a riga an kafa su ba [7].Koyaya, kimantawa na dogon lokaci na shirye-shiryen SDH masu karatun digiri na farko ba a cika samun rahoton ba.Idan za mu iya nuna tsari akai-akai don ingantawa da kimanta shirye-shiryen SDH, zai zama abin koyi don mafi kyawun ƙira da kimanta shirye-shiryen SDH, wanda zai taimaka haɓaka ƙa'idodi da dama ga SDH mai karatun digiri.
Manufar wannan binciken shine don nuna tsarin ci gaba da inganta shirin ilimi na SDH ga daliban likita da kuma gudanar da kimantawa na tsawon lokaci na shirin ilimi na SDH a cikin tsarin CBME ta hanyar yin la'akari da matakin tunani a cikin rahotannin dalibai.
Binciken ya yi amfani da tsarin inductive gabaɗaya kuma ya gudanar da bincike mai inganci na bayanan aikin kowace shekara har tsawon shekaru uku.Yana kimanta rahotannin SDH na ɗaliban likitancin da suka yi rajista a cikin shirye-shiryen SDH a cikin tsarin karatun CBME.Gabaɗaya ƙaddamarwa hanya ce mai tsauri don nazarin ƙididdiga bayanai wanda za a iya jagorantar bincike ta takamaiman manufofin kimantawa.Manufar ita ce ƙyale binciken bincike ya fito daga akai-akai, rinjaye, ko mahimman jigogi da ke cikin bayanan da aka riga aka tsara maimakon tsarin da aka tsara [15].
Mahalarta karatun sun kasance ɗaliban likitanci na shekaru biyar da na shida a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Tsukuba waɗanda suka kammala aikin koyarwa na sati 4 na wajibi a cikin karatun CBME tsakanin Satumba 2018 da Mayu 2019 (2018-19).Maris 2020 (2019-20) ko Oktoba 2020 da Yuli 2021 (2020-21).
Tsarin tsarin karatun CBME na mako 4 ya kasance daidai da karatunmu na baya [13, 14].Dalibai suna ɗaukar CBME a cikin shekara ta biyar ko ta shida a matsayin wani ɓangare na Gabatarwa zuwa kwas ɗin Magunguna, wanda aka tsara don koyar da tushen ilimin ga ƙwararrun kula da lafiya, gami da haɓaka kiwon lafiya, ƙwarewa, da haɗin gwiwar interprofessional.Makasudin tsarin karatun CBME shine nuna wa ɗalibai abubuwan da suka shafi likitocin iyali waɗanda ke ba da kulawar da ta dace a wurare daban-daban na asibiti;bayar da rahoton matsalolin kiwon lafiya ga 'yan ƙasa, marasa lafiya, da iyalai a cikin tsarin kula da lafiya na gida;da haɓaka ƙwarewar tunani na asibiti..Kowane mako 4, ɗalibai 15-17 suna ɗaukar kwas.Juyawa sun haɗa da mako 1 a cikin yanayin al'umma, makonni 1-2 a asibitin al'umma ko ƙaramin asibiti, har zuwa mako 1 a asibitin al'umma, da mako 1 a sashen likitancin iyali a asibitin jami'a.A ranakun farko da na ƙarshe, ɗalibai suna taruwa a jami'a don halartar laccoci da tattaunawa ta rukuni.A rana ta farko malaman sun bayyana makasudin kwas din ga daliban.Ɗalibai dole ne su gabatar da rahoton ƙarshe mai alaƙa da makasudin kwas.Manyan malamai guda uku (AT, SO, da JH) suna tsara yawancin darussan CBME da ayyukan SDH.Ana ba da wannan shirin ta manyan malamai da 10-12 adjunct faculty waɗanda ko dai suna da hannu a cikin koyarwar karatun digiri a jami'a yayin da suke ba da shirye-shiryen CBME a matsayin likitocin dangi ko ƙungiyar likitocin da ba likitocin da suka saba da CBME ba.
Tsarin aikin SDH a cikin tsarin CBME yana bin tsarin karatunmu na baya [13, 14] kuma ana yin gyare-gyare akai-akai (Fig. 1).A rana ta farko, ɗalibai sun halarci lacca ta hannu-on SDH kuma sun kammala ayyukan SDH yayin juyawa na mako 4.An bukaci ɗalibai su zaɓi mutum ko dangin da suka hadu da su a lokacin horon su kuma su tattara bayanai don yin la'akari da yiwuwar abubuwan da za su iya shafar lafiyarsu.Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya tana ba da Ƙarfafa Facts na Biyu [15], SDH takardun aiki, da samfurin kammala aikin a matsayin kayan tunani.A ranar ƙarshe, ɗalibai sun gabatar da shari'o'in su na SDH a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, kowane rukuni ya ƙunshi ɗalibai 4-5 da malami 1.Bayan gabatarwar, an ba wa ɗalibai aikin ƙaddamar da rahoton ƙarshe na kwas ɗin CBME.An tambaye su don bayyanawa da kuma danganta shi da kwarewarsu yayin juyawa na makonni 4;an nemi su bayyana 1) mahimmancin kwararrun masana kiwon lafiya su fahimci SDH da 2) rawar da suke takawa wajen tallafawa aikin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da yakamata a taka.An ba wa ɗalibai umarni don rubuta rahoton da cikakken bayani kan yadda ake kimanta rahoton (karin kayan).Don kimanta ɗalibai, kusan membobin malamai 15 (ciki har da manyan malamai) sun tantance rahotannin daidai da ka'idojin tantancewa.
Bayyani na shirin SDH a cikin tsarin karatun CBME na Jami'ar Tsukuba Faculty of Medicine a cikin shekarar ilimi ta 2018-19, da kuma tsarin inganta shirin SDH da ci gaban baiwa a cikin 2019-20 da 2020-21 shekaru ilimi.2018-19 yana nufin shirin daga Oktoba 2018 zuwa Mayu 2019, 2019-20 yana nufin shirin daga Oktoba 2019 zuwa Maris 2020, kuma 2020-21 yana nufin shirin daga Oktoba 2020 zuwa Yuni 2021. COVID-19: Cutar Coronavirus 2019
Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2018, mun ci gaba da inganta shirin SDH tare da samar da ci gaban ɗalibai.Lokacin da aka fara aikin a shekarar 2018, manyan malaman da suka bunkasa shi sun ba da laccoci na ci gaban malamai ga sauran malaman da za su shiga cikin aikin SDH.Lacca na farko na ci gaban koyarwa ya mayar da hankali kan SDH da ra'ayoyin zamantakewa a cikin saitunan asibiti.
Bayan kammala aikin a shekarar karatu ta 2018-19, mun gudanar da taron bunkasa malamai domin tattaunawa da tabbatar da manufofin aikin da kuma gyara aikin yadda ya kamata.Don shirin shekarar makaranta na 2019-20, wanda ya gudana daga Satumba 2019 zuwa Maris 2020, mun samar da Jagoran Gudanarwa, Form na kimantawa, da Ma'auni don Gudanar da Gabatarwa na Ƙungiyar SDH a ranar ƙarshe.Bayan kowace gabatarwar rukuni, mun gudanar da tattaunawa ta rukuni tare da mai kula da malamai don yin tunani a kan shirin.
A cikin shekara ta uku na shirin, daga Satumba 2020 zuwa Yuni 2021, mun gudanar da tarurrukan haɓaka malamai don tattauna manufofin shirin ilimi na SDH ta amfani da rahoton ƙarshe.Mun yi ƙananan canje-canje ga aikin rahoton ƙarshe da ka'idojin kimantawa (karin kayan).Mun kuma canza tsari da lokacin ƙarshe na shigar da aikace-aikacen da hannu da yin rajista kafin ranar ƙarshe zuwa aikawa da aikawa ta hanyar lantarki a cikin kwanaki 3 na shari'ar.
Don gano mahimman jigogi masu mahimmanci da gama gari a cikin rahoton, mun ƙididdige girman yadda aka nuna kwatancen SDH kuma mun fitar da ingantaccen abubuwan gaskiya da aka ambata.Saboda sake dubawa na baya [10] sunyi la'akari da tunani a matsayin nau'i na kimantawa na ilimi da shirin, mun ƙaddara cewa za a iya amfani da ƙayyadadden matakin tunani a cikin kimantawa don kimanta shirye-shiryen SDH.Ganin cewa an bayyana tunani daban-daban a cikin mahallin daban-daban, muna ɗaukar ma'anar tunani a cikin mahallin ilimin likitanci a matsayin "tsarin yin nazari, tambayoyi da sake gina abubuwan da aka gani da nufin kimanta su don dalilai na koyo."/ ko inganta aiki, "kamar yadda Aronson ya bayyana, bisa ma'anar Mezirow na tunani mai mahimmanci [16].Kamar yadda a cikin bincikenmu na baya [13], tsawon shekaru 4 a cikin 2018-19, 2019-20 da 2020-21.A cikin rahoton karshe, an rarraba Zhou a matsayin mai siffantawa, nazari, ko mai tunani.Wannan rarrabuwa ya dogara ne akan salon rubutun ilimi wanda Jami'ar Karatu ta bayyana [17].Tun da wasu nazarin ilimi sun tantance matakin tunani a irin wannan hanya [18], mun ƙaddara cewa ya dace a yi amfani da wannan rarrabuwa don tantance matakin tunani a cikin wannan rahoton bincike.Rahoton labari rahoto ne da ke amfani da tsarin SDH don bayyana wani lamari, amma wanda babu haɗin kai na abubuwa a cikinsa.Rahoton nazari rahoto ne wanda ya haɗa abubuwan SDH.Tunani Rahoton Jima'i rahotanni ne inda marubutan suka ƙara yin tunani a kan tunaninsu game da SDH.An rarraba rahotannin da ba su shiga ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rukunan ba a matsayin waɗanda ba za a iya tantance su ba.Mun yi amfani da bincike na abun ciki dangane da Solid Facts tsarin, sigar 2, don tantance abubuwan SDH da aka bayyana a cikin rahotanni [19].Abubuwan da ke cikin rahoton ƙarshe sun yi daidai da manufofin shirin.An tambayi dalibai su yi tunani a kan abubuwan da suka samu don bayyana mahimmancin masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya fahimtar SDH da nasu rawar.cikin al'umma.SO yayi nazarin matakin tunani da aka kwatanta a cikin rahoton.Bayan la'akari da abubuwan SDH, SO, JH, da AT sun tattauna kuma sun tabbatar da ka'idojin rukuni.SO ya maimaita bincike.SO, JH, da AT sun kara tattauna nazarin rahotannin da ke buƙatar canje-canje a cikin rarrabawa.Sun cimma matsaya ta ƙarshe kan nazarin duk rahotanni.
Jimlar ɗalibai 118, 101 da 142 sun shiga cikin shirin SDH a cikin 2018-19, 2019-20 da 2020-21 shekaru ilimi.Akwai 35 (29.7%), 34 (33.7%) da 55 (37.9%) mata, bi da bi.
Hoto na 2 yana nuna rarraba matakan tunani a kowace shekara idan aka kwatanta da bincikenmu na baya, wanda yayi nazarin matakan tunani a cikin rahotanni da dalibai suka rubuta a cikin 2018-19 [13].A cikin 2018-2019, rahotanni 36 (30.5%) an rarraba su azaman labari, a cikin 2019-2020 - 48 (47.5%) rahotanni, a cikin 2020-2021 - 79 (54.5%) rahotanni.Akwai rahoton nazari na 9 (7.6%) a cikin 2018-19, 24 (23.8%) rahotanni na nazari a cikin 2019-20 da 52 (35.9%) a cikin 2020-21.Akwai rahoton tunani na 2 (1.7%) a cikin 2018-19, 6 (5.9%) a cikin 2019-20 da 7 (4.8%) a cikin 2020-21.71 (60.2%) rahotanni an kasafta su azaman marasa ƙima a cikin 2018-2019, rahotanni 23 (22.8%) a cikin 2019-2020.da 7 (4.8%) rahotanni a cikin 2020-2021.Rarraba a matsayin ba za a iya tantancewa ba.Tebu 1 yana ba da rahoton misali ga kowane matakin tunani.
Matsayin tunani a cikin rahoton ɗalibai na ayyukan SDH da aka bayar a cikin 2018-19, 2019-20 da 2020-21 shekaru ilimi.2018-19 yana nufin shirin daga Oktoba 2018 zuwa Mayu 2019, 2019-20 yana nufin shirin daga Oktoba 2019 zuwa Maris 2020, kuma 2020-21 yana nufin shirin daga Oktoba 2020 zuwa Yuni 2021. SDH: Social Determinants of Health
Adadin abubuwan SDH da aka bayyana a cikin rahoton an nuna su a cikin Hoto 3. Matsakaicin adadin abubuwan da aka bayyana a cikin rahotanni shine 2.0 ± 1.2 a cikin 2018-19, 2.6 ± 1.3 a cikin 2019-20.da 3.3 ± 1.4 a cikin 2020-21.
Kashi na ɗaliban da suka ba da rahoton ambaton kowane abu a cikin Tsarin Fahimtar Facts (Bugu na biyu) a cikin rahotannin 2018-19, 2019-20, da 2020-21.Lokacin 2018-19 yana nufin Oktoba 2018 zuwa Mayu 2019, 2019-20 yana nufin Oktoba 2019 zuwa Maris 2020 da 2020-21 yana nufin Oktoba 2020 zuwa Yuni 2021, waɗannan kwanakin tsarin ne.A cikin shekarar ilimi ta 2018/19 akwai dalibai 118, a cikin shekarar karatu ta 2019/20 - dalibai 101, a shekarar karatu ta 2020/21 - dalibai 142.
Mun gabatar da shirin ilimi na SDH a cikin tsarin CBME da ake bukata don daliban likitancin digiri kuma mun gabatar da sakamakon nazarin shekaru uku na shirin da ke kimanta matakin SDH a cikin rahotannin dalibai.Bayan shekaru 3 na aiwatar da aikin da ci gaba da inganta shi, yawancin ɗalibai sun iya bayyana SDH kuma sun bayyana wasu abubuwan SDH a cikin rahoto.A gefe guda, ɗalibai kaɗan ne kawai suka sami damar rubuta rahotanni masu ma'ana akan SDH.
Idan aka kwatanta da shekarar makaranta ta 2018-19, shekarun makaranta na 2019-20 da 2020-21 sun sami karuwa a hankali a cikin adadin rahotannin nazari da kwatance, yayin da adadin rahotannin da ba a tantance ba ya ragu sosai, wanda hakan na iya kasancewa saboda ci gaban shirin da ci gaban malamai.Ci gaban malamai yana da mahimmanci ga shirye-shiryen ilimi na SDH [4, 9].Muna ba da ci gaba da haɓaka ƙwararru ga malaman da ke shiga cikin shirin.Lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shirin a cikin 2018, Ƙungiyar Kula da Farko ta Japan, ɗaya daga cikin magungunan iyali na ilimi da kuma ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, sun buga wata sanarwa kan SDH don likitocin kula da farko na Japan.Yawancin malamai ba su da masaniya da kalmar SDH.Ta hanyar shiga ayyukan da yin hulɗa tare da ɗalibai ta hanyar gabatar da shari'ar, malamai a hankali sun zurfafa fahimtar SDH.Bugu da ƙari, fayyace manufofin shirye-shiryen SDH ta hanyar ci gaba da haɓaka ƙwararrun malamai na iya taimakawa inganta ƙwarewar malamai.Wata ma'auni mai yiwuwa shine shirin ya inganta akan lokaci.Irin waɗannan gyare-gyaren da aka tsara na iya buƙatar lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari.Game da shirin 2020-2021, tasirin cutar ta COVID-19 akan rayuwar ɗalibai da ilimi [20, 21, 22, 23] na iya sa ɗalibai su kalli SDH a matsayin al'amari da ya shafi rayuwarsu kuma ya taimake su yin tunani game da SDH.
Kodayake adadin abubuwan SDH da aka ambata a cikin rahoton ya karu, abubuwan da suka faru na abubuwa daban-daban sun bambanta, wanda zai iya zama alaƙa da halaye na yanayin aikin.Yawan tallafin zamantakewa ba abin mamaki bane idan aka yi la'akari da yawan saduwa da marasa lafiya da suka riga sun sami kulawar likita.Har ila yau, an ambaci sufuri akai-akai, wanda zai iya kasancewa saboda gaskiyar cewa shafukan CBME suna cikin yankunan karkara ko yankunan karkara inda dalibai a zahiri suna fuskantar yanayin sufuri marasa dacewa kuma suna da damar yin hulɗa da mutane a cikin irin wannan yanayi.Har ila yau, an ambata su ne damuwa, warewar jama'a, aiki da abinci, wanda yawancin ɗalibai za su iya kwarewa a aikace.A gefe guda kuma, tasirin rashin daidaito tsakanin al'umma da rashin aikin yi ga lafiya na iya zama da wahala a fahimta a cikin wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci na nazari.Abubuwan SDH waɗanda ɗalibai ke haɗuwa da su a aikace na iya dogara da halayen yankin aikin.
Nazarinmu yana da mahimmanci saboda muna ci gaba da kimanta shirin SDH a cikin shirin CBME da muke ba wa ɗaliban likitancin karatun digiri ta hanyar tantance matakin tunani a cikin rahotannin ɗalibai.Manyan ɗaliban likitanci waɗanda suka yi karatun likitanci shekaru da yawa suna da hangen nesa na likita.Don haka, suna da yuwuwar koyo ta hanyar danganta ilimin zamantakewa da ake buƙata don shirye-shiryen SDH zuwa nasu ra'ayin likitanci [14].Don haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a samar da shirye-shiryen SDH ga waɗannan ɗalibai.A cikin wannan binciken, mun sami damar gudanar da kimantawa na shirin ta hanyar tantance matakin tunani a cikin rahotannin ɗalibai.Campbell et al.A cewar rahoton, makarantun likitancin Amurka da shirye-shiryen mataimakan likitoci suna kimanta shirye-shiryen SDH ta hanyar safiyo, ƙungiyoyin mayar da hankali, ko bayanan kimanta tsakiyar rukuni.Mafi yawan ma'aunin ma'auni da aka fi amfani da su a cikin kimantawar aikin shine amsawar ɗalibi da gamsuwa, ilimin ɗalibi, da ɗabi'ar ɗalibi [9], amma ba a riga an kafa daidaitacciyar hanya da inganci don kimanta ayyukan ilimi na SDH ba.Wannan binciken yana nuna sauye-sauye na dogon lokaci a cikin kimantawar shirin da ci gaba da inganta shirin kuma zai ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da kimanta shirye-shiryen SDH a wasu cibiyoyin ilimi.
Ko da yake gaba ɗaya matakin tunani na ɗalibai ya ƙaru sosai a duk tsawon lokacin nazarin, adadin ɗaliban da ke rubuta rahotanni masu ma'ana ya ragu.Ƙarin hanyoyin ilimin zamantakewa na iya buƙatar haɓaka don ƙarin haɓakawa.Ayyuka a cikin shirin SDH suna buƙatar ɗalibai su haɗa ra'ayoyin zamantakewa da na likita, wanda ya bambanta da rikitarwa idan aka kwatanta da samfurin likita [14].Kamar yadda muka ambata a sama, yana da mahimmanci a samar da darussan SDH ga ɗaliban makarantar sakandare, amma tsarawa da inganta shirye-shiryen ilimi tun farkon ilimin likitanci, haɓaka ra'ayoyin zamantakewa da likitanci, da haɗa su zai iya zama tasiri wajen haɓaka ci gaban ɗalibai.'haɓaka.Farashin SDH.Ƙarin faɗaɗa ra'ayoyin zamantakewa na malamai na iya taimakawa wajen ƙara tunanin ɗalibi.
Wannan horon yana da iyakoki da yawa.Na farko, saitin binciken ya iyakance ga makarantar likitanci guda ɗaya a Japan, kuma saitin CBME ya iyakance ga yanki ɗaya a cikin kewayen birni ko ƙauyen Japan, kamar yadda a cikin karatunmu na baya [13, 14].Mun yi bayani dalla-dalla kan asalin wannan binciken da nazarce-nazarcen da suka gabata.Ko da tare da waɗannan iyakokin, yana da kyau a lura cewa mun nuna sakamako daga ayyukan SDH a cikin ayyukan CBME a tsawon shekaru.Na biyu, dangane da wannan binciken kadai, yana da wuya a iya tantance yiwuwar aiwatar da koyo mai haske a wajen shirye-shiryen SDH.Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don haɓaka koyo na SDH a cikin ilimin likitanci na farko.Na uku, tambayar ko ci gaban malamai ya taimaka wajen inganta shirin ya wuce iyakar hasashen wannan binciken.Tasirin ginin ƙungiyar malamai yana buƙatar ƙarin nazari da gwaji.
Mun gudanar da kimantawa na tsawon lokaci na shirin ilimi na SDH ga manyan ɗaliban likitanci a cikin tsarin karatun CBME.Mun nuna cewa fahimtar ɗalibai game da SDH yana ci gaba da zurfafa yayin da shirin ya girma.Inganta shirye-shiryen SDH na iya buƙatar lokaci da ƙoƙari, amma haɓaka malamai da nufin haɓaka fahimtar malamai game da SDH na iya yin tasiri.Don ƙara haɓaka fahimtar ɗalibai game da SDH, darussan da suka fi dacewa a cikin ilimin zamantakewa da magani na iya buƙatar haɓakawa.
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Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-28-2023