A Tennessee da sauran jihohin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a ƙasar, sabbin dokoki kan ƙa'idar ƙabilanci suna shafar ƙananan shawarwari masu mahimmanci da malamai ke yankewa kowace rana.
Yi rijista don samun wasiƙar labarai kyauta ta Chalkbeat Tennessee kowace rana don ci gaba da sabuntawa game da makarantun Gundumar Memphis-Shelby da manufofin ilimin jiha.
Babbar ƙungiyar malamai ta Tennessee ta shiga sahun malaman makarantun gwamnati guda biyar a ƙarar da aka shigar kan wata doka ta jihar da ta takaita abin da za su iya koyarwa game da launin fata, jinsi da kuma nuna wariya a aji.
Karar da suka shigar a kotun tarayya ta Nashville a daren Talata ta hannun lauyoyin kungiyar ilimi ta Tennessee, ta yi zargin cewa kalmomin dokar ta 2021 ba su da tabbas kuma sun saba wa kundin tsarin mulki kuma shirin aiwatar da dokar jihar na da nasaba da ra'ayin jama'a.
Har ila yau, ƙarar ta yi zargin cewa dokokin Tennessee da ake kira "manufofi da aka haramta" suna tsoma baki wajen koyar da batutuwa masu wahala amma masu mahimmanci da aka haɗa a cikin ƙa'idodin ilimi na jihar. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi sun tsara manufofin ilmantarwa da jihar ta amince da su waɗanda ke jagorantar wasu manhajoji da yanke shawara kan gwaji.
Wannan ƙarar ita ce ƙarar farko ta shari'a kan wata doka ta jiha mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce, wacce ita ce irinta ta farko a duk faɗin ƙasar. An zartar da dokar ne a daidai lokacin da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka yi Allah wadai da matakin da Amurka ta ɗauka kan wariyar launin fata bayan kisan gillar da wani ɗan sanda farar fata ya yi wa George Floyd a shekarar 2020 a Minneapolis da kuma zanga-zangar nuna wariyar launin fata da ta biyo baya.
Wakilin Oak Ridge, John Ragan, ɗaya daga cikin masu tallafawa kudirin na Republican, ya yi jayayya cewa ana buƙatar dokar don kare ɗaliban K-12 daga abin da shi da sauran 'yan majalisa ke gani a matsayin ruɗani da rarrabuwar kawuna game da jima'i, kamar ka'idar launin fata mai tsauri. Binciken malamai ya nuna cewa wannan tushe na ilimi ba a koyar da shi a makarantun K-12 ba, amma ana amfani da shi sosai a manyan makarantu don bincika yadda siyasa da doka ke ci gaba da haifar da wariyar launin fata.
Majalisar Dokokin Tennessee da jam'iyyar Republican ke da rinjaye ta amince da kudirin sosai a kwanakin ƙarshe na zaman 2021, kwanaki bayan an gabatar da shi. Gwamna Bill Lee ya sanya hannu cikin gaggawa ya zama doka, kuma daga baya a wannan shekarar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta jihar ta tsara dokoki don aiwatar da shi. Idan aka gano keta doka, malamai na iya rasa lasisinsu kuma gundumomin makarantu na iya rasa tallafin gwamnati.
A cikin shekaru biyu na farko, dokar ta fara aiki, tare da ƙorafe-ƙorafe kaɗan kawai kuma babu tara. Amma Ragan ya gabatar da sabuwar doka wadda ta faɗaɗa da'irar mutanen da za su iya shigar da ƙara.
Koke-koken ya yi zargin cewa doka ba ta bai wa malamai na Tennessee dama mai kyau don sanin irin ɗabi'u da koyarwa da aka haramta ba.
"Malamai suna cikin wannan yanki mai duhu inda ba mu san abin da za mu iya ko ba za mu iya yi ko ba za mu iya faɗa a cikin aji ba," in ji Katherine Vaughn, wata ƙwararriyar malamar makaranta daga Gundumar Tipton kusa da Memphis kuma ɗaya daga cikin masu ƙarar malamai biyar. "A wannan yanayin.
Vaughn ya ƙara da cewa, "Aiwatar da doka - daga shugabanci zuwa horo - kusan babu shi." "Wannan yana sanya masu ilimi cikin matsala."
Karar ta kuma yi zargin cewa dokar ta karfafa aiwatar da doka ba tare da son rai ba kuma ta karya Kwaskwarima ta Sha Huɗu ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, wanda ya haramta wa kowace jiha "tauye wa kowane mutum rai, 'yanci, ko dukiya ba tare da bin doka ba."
"Dokar tana buƙatar cikakken bayani," in ji Tanya Coates, shugabar ƙungiyar malamai ta TEA, wadda ke jagorantar ƙarar.
Ta ce malamai suna ɓatar da "sa'o'i marasa adadi" suna ƙoƙarin fahimtar ra'ayoyi 14 waɗanda ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kuma a cikin aji, gami da cewa Amurka "tana da wariyar launin fata ko kuma nuna wariya ga mata"; "tana ɗaukar alhakin" ayyukan da wasu membobin ƙabila ɗaya ko jinsi ɗaya suka yi a baya saboda launin fatarsu ko jinsinsu.
Rashin tabbas na waɗannan kalmomi ya yi tasiri ga makarantu, tun daga yadda malamai ke amsa tambayoyin ɗalibai har zuwa kayan da suke karantawa a aji, in ji rahoton TEA. Domin guje wa koke-koke masu ɗaukar lokaci da kuma haɗarin yiwuwar tara daga jihar, shugabannin makarantu sun yi canje-canje ga koyarwa da ayyukan makaranta. Amma a ƙarshe, Coats ya ce ɗaliban ne ke shan wahala.
"Wannan doka ta kawo cikas ga aikin malaman Tennessee wajen samar wa ɗalibai cikakken ilimi mai tushe bisa shaida," in ji Coates a cikin wata sanarwa da ya fitar.
Karar mai shafuka 52 ta bayar da takamaiman misalai na yadda haramcin ke shafar abin da kusan ɗaliban makarantun gwamnati miliyan ɗaya na Tennessee ke karatu kuma ba sa karatu kowace rana.
"A gundumar Tipton, misali, wata makaranta ta sauya tafiyar filin wasa ta shekara-shekara zuwa Gidan Tarihi na 'Yancin Bil'adama na Ƙasa da ke Memphis don kallon wasan ƙwallon baseball. A gundumar Shelby, wani malamin mawaƙa wanda ya koyar da ɗalibai shekaru da yawa yadda za su rera waƙa da fahimtar labarin da ke bayan waƙoƙin da suke rerawa za a ɗauke shi a matsayin bayi." an raba su ko kuma an karya dokar," in ji ƙarar. Sauran gundumomin makarantu sun cire littattafai daga manhajar karatunsu saboda doka.
Ofishin Gwamna ba ya yawan yin tsokaci kan shari'o'in da ke jiran a yi shari'ar, amma mai magana da yawunsa Lee Jed Byers ya fitar da wata sanarwa a ranar Laraba game da karar: "Gwamna ya sanya hannu kan wannan kudiri domin kowanne iyaye ya kamata ya dauki nauyin ilimin 'ya'yansu. Ku yi gaskiya, daliban Tennessee. Ya kamata a koyar da tarihi da al'adun gargajiya bisa ga gaskiya ba bisa ga sharhin siyasa mai raba kan jama'a ba."
Jihar Tennessee tana ɗaya daga cikin jihohin farko da suka zartar da dokoki don takaita zurfin tattaunawa a cikin aji game da ra'ayoyi kamar rashin daidaito da kuma haƙƙin fararen fata.
A watan Maris, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tennessee ta ba da rahoton cewa an shigar da ƙara kaɗan ga gundumomin makarantun yankin kamar yadda doka ta tanada. Hukumar ta sami ƴan ƙara kaɗan ne kawai a kan shawarwarin da aka yanke a yankin.
Ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare ne a gundumar Davidson. Saboda dokar ba ta shafi makarantun sakandare ba, ma'aikatar ta yanke hukuncin cewa iyaye ba su da ikon ɗaukaka ƙara a ƙarƙashin dokar.
Wani mahaifi a gundumar Blount ya shigar da wani ƙara dangane da littafin Wings of the Dragon, wani labari da aka bayar daga mahangar wani yaro ɗan ƙasar China da ya yi ƙaura a farkon ƙarni na 20. Gwamnatin ta yi watsi da ƙarar bisa ga binciken da ta yi.
Duk da haka, makarantun gundumar Blount har yanzu sun cire littafin daga manhajar karatu ta aji shida. Karar ta bayyana irin barnar da karar ta yi wa wani ƙwararren malami mai shekaru 45 wanda "ya ji kunya sakamakon watanni na shari'ar gudanarwa kan ƙarar da iyaye ɗaya suka shigar game da wani littafi matashi da ya lashe kyautar." Ma'aikatar Tennessee ta amince da aikinta mai suna "In Danger" kuma hukumar makarantar yankin ta amince da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na manhajar karatu ta gundumar.
Ma'aikatar ta kuma ƙi yin bincike kan ƙarar da Gundumar Williamson, kudu da Nashville, ta shigar jim kaɗan bayan an zartar da dokar. Robin Steenman, shugaban ƙungiyar Freedom Moms ta yankin, ya ce shirin karatu da rubutu na Wit and Wisdom da makarantun gundumar Williamson ke amfani da shi a shekarar 2020-21 yana da "ajandar nuna son kai" wadda ke sa yara su "ƙi ƙasarsu da junansu" . da sauransu." / ko kansu. "
Mai magana da yawun ma'aikatar ya ce an ba wa ma'aikatar izinin bincika da'awar ne kawai daga shekarar makaranta ta 2021-22, kuma ya ƙarfafa Stillman ta yi aiki tare da makarantun gundumar Williamson don magance damuwarta.
Jami'an ma'aikatar ba su mayar da martani nan take ba ranar Laraba lokacin da aka tambaye su ko jihar ta sami ƙarin ɗaukaka ƙara a cikin 'yan watannin nan.
A ƙarƙashin manufofin jihar na yanzu, ɗalibai, iyaye, ko ma'aikatan gundumar makaranta ko makarantar haya ne kawai za su iya shigar da ƙara game da makarantarsu. Kudirin dokar Ragan, wanda Sanata Joey Hensley, Hornwald, ya ɗauki nauyinsa, zai ba wa duk wani mazaunin gundumar makarantar damar shigar da ƙara.
Amma masu suka suna jayayya cewa irin wannan sauyi zai buɗe ƙofa ga ƙungiyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kamar Liberal Moms don yin korafi ga hukumomin makarantu na gida game da koyarwa, littattafai ko kayan aiki waɗanda suke ganin sun saɓa wa doka, koda kuwa ba su da alaƙa kai tsaye da makarantu. Malami ko makaranta mai matsala.
Dokar Ka'idar Haramtawa ta bambanta da Dokar Tennessee ta 2022, wadda, bisa ga roƙon da aka yi daga shawarwarin hukumar makarantu ta gida, ta ba wa hukumar jiha ikon haramta littattafai daga ɗakunan karatu a duk faɗin jihar idan suka ga "ba su dace da shekarun ɗalibi ko matakin balaga ba."
Bayanin Edita: An sabunta wannan labarin domin ya ƙunshi tsokaci daga ofishin Gwamna da kuma ɗaya daga cikin masu ƙara.
Martha W. Aldrich is a senior reporter covering events at the Tennessee State Capitol. Please contact her at maldrich@chalkbeat.org.
Ta hanyar yin rijista, kun yarda da Bayanin Sirrinmu, kuma masu amfani da Turai sun yarda da Dokar Canja wurin Bayanai. Hakanan kuna iya karɓar saƙonni daga masu tallafawa lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Ta hanyar yin rijista, kun yarda da Bayanin Sirrinmu, kuma masu amfani da Turai sun yarda da Dokar Canja wurin Bayanai. Hakanan kuna iya karɓar saƙonni daga masu tallafawa lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-28-2023