Fasahar haɓaka gaskiya (AR) ta tabbatar da tasiri wajen nuna bayanai da ma'anar abubuwa na 3D.Ko da yake ɗalibai yawanci suna amfani da aikace-aikacen AR ta na'urorin hannu, ƙirar filastik ko hotuna 2D har yanzu ana amfani da su sosai a cikin motsa jiki na yanke hakora.Saboda nau'in hakora masu girma uku, ɗalibai masu sassaƙa haƙori suna fuskantar ƙalubale saboda ƙarancin kayan aikin da ke ba da madaidaiciyar jagora.A cikin wannan binciken, mun ƙirƙira kayan aikin horar da haƙori na tushen AR (AR-TCPT) kuma mun kwatanta shi da ƙirar filastik don kimanta yuwuwar sa azaman kayan aiki da gogewar amfani da shi.
Don kwatanta yankan hakora, mun ƙirƙiri wani abu na 3D a jere wanda ya haɗa da maxillary canine da maxillary first premolar (mataki na 16), mandibular farko premolar (mataki 13), da mandibular farko molar (mataki 14).An sanya alamar hoton da aka ƙirƙira ta amfani da software na Photoshop ga kowane haƙori.Ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen hannu na tushen AR ta amfani da injin Unity.Don sassaƙawar hakori, mahalarta 52 an ba su bazuwar zuwa ƙungiyar kulawa (n = 26; ta amfani da ƙirar haƙoran filastik) ko ƙungiyar gwaji (n = 26; ta amfani da AR-TCPT).An yi amfani da takardar tambayoyin abubuwa 22 don kimanta ƙwarewar mai amfani.An gudanar da nazarin kwatancen bayanai ta hanyar amfani da gwajin Mann-Whitney U wanda ba a daidaita shi ta hanyar shirin SPSS.
AR-TCPT tana amfani da kyamarar wayar hannu don gano alamomin hoto da kuma nuna abubuwan 3D na gutsuttsuran hakori.Masu amfani za su iya sarrafa na'urar don duba kowane mataki ko nazarin siffar hakori.Sakamakon binciken ƙwarewar mai amfani ya nuna cewa idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa ta amfani da ƙirar filastik, ƙungiyar gwaji ta AR-TCPT ta sami matsayi mafi girma akan ƙwarewar sassaƙawar hakora.
Idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar filastik na gargajiya, AR-TCPT tana ba da mafi kyawun ƙwarewar mai amfani yayin sassaƙa haƙora.Kayan aiki yana da sauƙin shiga kamar yadda aka tsara shi don amfani da masu amfani akan na'urorin hannu.Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don sanin tasirin ilimi na AR-TCTP akan ƙididdige haƙoran da aka zana da kuma iyawar sculpting na kowane mai amfani.
Ilimin hakora da kuma motsa jiki na aiki muhimmin sashi ne na tsarin karatun hakori.Wannan kwas ɗin yana ba da jagora na ka'ida da aiki akan ilimin halittar jiki, aiki da sassaƙawar tsarin haƙori kai tsaye [1, 2].Hanyar koyarwa ta al'ada ita ce yin nazari bisa ka'ida sannan a yi sassaƙan hakori bisa ka'idojin da aka koya.Dalibai suna amfani da hotuna masu girma biyu (2D) na hakora da nau'ikan filastik don sassaƙa hakora akan kakin zuma ko filasta [3,4,5].Fahimtar ilimin halittar haƙori yana da mahimmanci don dawo da jiyya da ƙirƙira na dawo da haƙori a aikin asibiti.Madaidaicin dangantaka tsakanin masu adawa da hakora masu kusa, kamar yadda aka nuna ta siffar su, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye ɓoyewa da kwanciyar hankali [6, 7].Ko da yake hakori darussa iya taimaka dalibai samun cikakken fahimtar hakori ilimin halittar jiki, har yanzu suna fuskantar kalubale a cikin yankan tsari hade da gargajiya ayyuka.
Sabbin masu zuwa aikin ilimin halittar haƙori suna fuskantar ƙalubalen fassara da sake buga hotunan 2D a cikin girma uku (3D) [8,9,10].Siffofin haƙori galibi ana wakilta su da zane-zane ko hotuna masu girma biyu, wanda ke haifar da wahala wajen hango yanayin halittar haƙori.Bugu da ƙari, buƙatar yin aikin sassaƙa haƙori cikin sauri a cikin iyakataccen sarari da lokaci, haɗe tare da amfani da hotuna na 2D, yana sa ɗalibai su yi wahala su ƙirƙiri da hangen nesa da sifofin 3D [11].Kodayake samfuran haƙora na filastik ( waɗanda za a iya gabatar da su azaman an kammala su ko a cikin tsari na ƙarshe) suna taimakawa wajen koyarwa, amfani da su yana iyakance saboda samfuran filastik na kasuwanci galibi ana ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun damar aiki ga malamai da ɗalibai[4].Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan ƙirar motsa jiki mallakin cibiyar ilimi ne kuma ɗalibai ɗaya ɗaya ba za su iya mallakar su ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin nauyin motsa jiki yayin lokacin aji.Masu horarwa sukan koyar da adadi mai yawa na ɗalibai yayin aikin kuma galibi suna dogara ga hanyoyin al'ada, wanda zai iya haifar da dogon jira don amsa mai horarwa akan matakan tsaka-tsaki na sassaƙa [12].Don haka, akwai buƙatar jagorar sassaƙa don sauƙaƙe aikin sassaƙawar haƙori da kuma rage ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙirar filastik.
Fasahar haɓaka gaskiya (AR) ta fito a matsayin kayan aiki mai ban sha'awa don haɓaka ƙwarewar koyo.Ta hanyar lissafta bayanan dijital a kan yanayin rayuwa ta ainihi, fasahar AR na iya ba wa ɗalibai ƙarin ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa [13].Garzón [14] ya zana shekaru 25 na gwaninta tare da ƙarni uku na farko na rarrabuwa na ilimi na AR kuma ya yi jayayya cewa yin amfani da na'urori da aikace-aikacen hannu masu tsada (ta hanyar na'urorin hannu da aikace-aikacen) a cikin ƙarni na biyu na AR ya inganta haɓaka ilimi sosai. halaye..Da zarar an ƙirƙira da shigar, aikace-aikacen hannu suna ba da damar kyamara ta gane da nuna ƙarin bayani game da abubuwan da aka sani, ta haka inganta ƙwarewar mai amfani [15, 16].Fasahar AR tana aiki ta hanyar saurin gane lamba ko alamar hoto daga kyamarar na'urar hannu, tana nuna bayanan 3D da aka lulluɓe lokacin da aka gano [17].Ta hanyar sarrafa na'urorin hannu ko alamomin hoto, masu amfani za su iya lura cikin sauƙi da fahimta da fahimtar tsarin 3D [18].A cikin bita ta Akçayır da Akçayır [19], an gano AR yana haɓaka "fun" kuma cikin nasarar "ƙara matakan haɓaka ilmantarwa."Duk da haka, saboda rikitarwa na bayanai, fasaha na iya zama "mawuyaci ga dalibai don amfani da su" da kuma haifar da "ƙaramar fahimta," yana buƙatar ƙarin shawarwarin koyarwa [19, 20, 21].Don haka, ya kamata a yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka ƙimar ilimi na AR ta hanyar haɓaka amfani da rage rikiɗar aiki.Ana buƙatar yin la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan yayin amfani da fasahar AR don ƙirƙirar kayan aikin ilimi don aikin sassaƙa haƙori.
Don shiryar da ɗalibai yadda yakamata a aikin sassaƙa haƙori ta amfani da mahallin AR, dole ne a bi ci gaba da tsari.Wannan tsarin zai iya taimakawa rage sauye-sauye da haɓaka ƙwarewar ƙwarewa [22].Masu sassaƙa na farko na iya haɓaka ingancin aikinsu ta hanyar bin tsarin sassaƙawar haƙori na mataki-mataki na dijital [23].A gaskiya ma, an nuna tsarin horarwa na mataki-mataki don yin tasiri wajen sarrafa ƙwarewar sassaka a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci da kuma rage kurakurai a cikin zane na ƙarshe na maidowa [24].A fagen dawo da hakori, yin amfani da tsarin zane-zane a saman hakora hanya ce mai inganci don taimakawa ɗalibai su haɓaka ƙwarewarsu [25].Wannan binciken yana da nufin haɓaka kayan aikin aikin sassaƙa haƙori na tushen AR (AR-TCPT) wanda ya dace da na'urorin hannu da kimanta ƙwarewar mai amfani.Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya kwatanta ƙwarewar mai amfani na AR-TCPT tare da ƙirar resin hakori na gargajiya don kimanta yuwuwar AR-TCPT azaman kayan aiki mai amfani.
An tsara AR-TCPT don na'urorin hannu ta amfani da fasahar AR.An tsara wannan kayan aikin don ƙirƙirar ƙirar 3D mataki-mataki na maxillary canines, maxillary first premolars, mandibular first premolars, da mandibular farko molars.An fara yin ƙirar 3D ta farko ta amfani da 3D Studio Max (2019, Autodesk Inc., Amurka), kuma an aiwatar da ƙirar ƙarshe ta amfani da kunshin software na Zbrush 3D (2019, Pixologic Inc., Amurka).An yi alamar hoto ta amfani da software na Photoshop (Adobe Master Collection CC 2019, Adobe Inc., Amurka), wanda aka tsara don karɓuwa ta kyamarori ta hannu, a cikin injin Vuforia (PTC Inc., Amurka; http://developer.vuforia. com)).Ana aiwatar da aikace-aikacen AR ta amfani da injin Unity (Maris 12, 2019, Unity Technologies, Amurka) kuma daga baya an shigar kuma an ƙaddamar da shi akan na'urar hannu.Don kimanta tasirin AR-TCPT azaman kayan aiki don aikin sassaƙa haƙori, an zaɓi mahalarta ba da gangan daga aji aikin haƙori na haƙori na 2023 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar sarrafawa da ƙungiyar gwaji.Masu shiga cikin rukunin gwaji sun yi amfani da AR-TCPT, kuma ƙungiyar kulawa ta yi amfani da samfuran filastik daga Kayan Aikin Haƙori na Haƙori (Nissin Dental Co., Japan).Bayan kammala aikin yankan hakora, an bincika ƙwarewar mai amfani da kowane kayan aikin hannu da aka kwatanta.Ana nuna kwararar ƙirar binciken a cikin Hoto 1. An gudanar da wannan binciken tare da amincewar Hukumar Binciken Cibiyar Nazarin Jami'ar Kudancin Seoul (Lambar IRB: NSU-202210-003).
Ana amfani da ƙirar 3D don a kai a kai don nuna halayen yanayin yanayin fiɗaɗɗen sifofi na ɓangarorin mesial, distal, buccal, harshe da wuraren ɓoye na haƙora yayin aikin sassaƙa.The maxillary canine da maxillary na farko premolar hakora an tsara su a matsayin matakin 16, mandibular farko premolar a matsayin matakin 13, da kuma mandibular farko molar a matsayin matakin 14. Tsarin farko na ƙirar yana nuna sassan da ake buƙatar cirewa da kiyaye su cikin tsari na fina-finai na hakori. , kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi.2. An nuna jerin ƙirar haƙori na ƙarshe a cikin Hoto na 3. A cikin samfurin ƙarshe, zane-zane, raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman ruwa sun bayyana tsarin da aka raunana na hakori, kuma an haɗa bayanin hoto don jagorantar tsarin zane-zane da kuma haskaka tsarin da ke buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi.A farkon matakin sassaƙa, kowane saman yana da launi don nuna yanayin yanayinsa, kuma shingen kakin yana da alamar layukan da ke nuna sassan da ake buƙatar cirewa.Ana yiwa saman mesial da nisa na haƙora alama da jajayen ɗigogi don nuna alamun tuntuɓar haƙori waɗanda za su kasance a matsayin tsinkaya kuma ba za a cire su yayin aikin yanke ba.A saman maƙarƙashiya, ɗigon jajaye suna yin alama ga kowane cusp a matsayin amintacce, kuma jajayen kibiyoyi suna nuna alkiblar sassaƙawa yayin yanke shingen kakin zuma.Tsarin 3D na ɓangarorin da aka riƙe da cirewa yana ba da damar tabbatar da yanayin halittar sassan da aka cire yayin matakan sassaƙa kakin zuma na gaba.
Ƙirƙirar siminti na farko na abubuwan 3D a cikin tsari mataki-mataki na sassaƙa haƙori.a: Mesial surface na maxillary farko premolar;b: Ƙaƙƙarfan maɗaukaki da saman labial mesial na maxillary farkon premolar;c: Mesial surface na maxillary farko molar;d: Dan kadan maxillary surface na maxillary farko molar da mesiobuccal surface.farfajiya.B - kunci;La - sautin labial;M - sauti na tsakiya.
Abubuwa masu girma uku (3D) suna wakiltar matakin mataki-mataki na yanke hakora.Wannan hoton yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan abu na 3D bayan tsarin ƙirar maxillary na farko na molar, yana nuna cikakkun bayanai da laushi ga kowane mataki na gaba.Bayanan ƙirar 3D na biyu sun haɗa da abu na 3D na ƙarshe wanda aka inganta a cikin na'urar hannu.Layukan da aka ɗigo suna wakiltar sassan hakori iri ɗaya, kuma sassan da aka raba suna wakiltar waɗanda dole ne a cire kafin a haɗa sashin da ke ɗauke da tsayayyen layi.Jajayen kibiya ta 3D tana nuni da inda ake yanke hakori, jajayen da'irar dake kan nesa tana nuni da wurin tuntuɓar haƙori, jajayen silinda a saman maƙarƙashiya na nuni da bakin haƙorin.a: layukan dige-dige, daskararrun layukan, jajayen da'irori a saman nesa da matakan da ke nuni da toshewar kakin zuma.b: Kimanin kammala samuwar molar farko na muƙamuƙi na sama.c: Cikakken ra'ayi na maxillary farkon molar, jan kibiya yana nuna jagorar haƙori da zaren sarari, jan silinda mai kauri, m layi yana nuna ɓangaren da za a yanke a saman occlusal.d: Cikakken maxillary farkon molar.
Don sauƙaƙe gano matakan sassaƙa jere ta amfani da na'urar tafi da gidanka, an shirya alamun hoto huɗu don molar farko na mandibular, mandibular first premolar, maxillary first molar, da maxillary canine.An tsara alamomin hoto ta hanyar amfani da software na Photoshop (2020, Adobe Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA) kuma an yi amfani da alamomin lamba madauwari da maimaita tsarin baya don bambance kowane hakori, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 4. Ƙirƙirar alamomin hoto masu inganci ta amfani da injin Vuforia (software na ƙirƙirar alamar AR), da ƙirƙira da adana alamun hoto ta amfani da injin Unity bayan karɓar ƙimar ƙimar tauraro biyar don nau'in hoto ɗaya.Tsarin haƙoran haƙora na 3D a hankali yana haɗuwa da alamomin hoto, kuma an ƙayyade matsayinsa da girmansa bisa ga alamomi.Yana amfani da injin Unity da aikace-aikacen Android waɗanda za'a iya shigar dasu akan na'urorin hannu.
Tambarin hoto.Waɗannan hotuna suna nuna alamun hoton da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken, waɗanda kyamarar na'urar tafi da gidanka ta gane ta nau'in haƙori (lamba a kowace da'ira).a: farko molar na mandible;b: farko premolar na mandible;c: maxillary farkon molar;d: maxillary canine.
An dauki mahalarta daga aji na farko na aiki akan ilimin hakora na Sashen Tsabtace Hakora, Jami'ar Seong, Gyeonggi-do.An sanar da masu yuwuwar mahalarta abubuwan da ke biyowa: (1) Kasancewar na son rai ne kuma baya haɗa da kowane kuɗin kuɗi ko ilimi;(2) Ƙungiyar kulawa za ta yi amfani da samfurin filastik, kuma ƙungiyar gwaji za ta yi amfani da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu ta AR;(3) gwajin zai ɗauki makonni uku kuma ya ƙunshi hakora uku;(4) Masu amfani da Android za su sami hanyar haɗi don shigar da aikace-aikacen, kuma masu amfani da iOS za su karɓi na'urar Android tare da shigar AR-TCPT;(5) AR-TCTP za ta yi aiki a cikin hanya ɗaya akan tsarin biyu;(6) Ba da gangan ba da izini ga ƙungiyar kulawa da ƙungiyar gwaji;(7) Za a yi sassaka hakora a dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban;(8) Bayan gwajin, za a gudanar da nazarin 22;(9) Ƙungiyar kulawa na iya amfani da AR-TCPT bayan gwajin.Jimillar mahalarta 52 ne suka ba da kansu, kuma an sami takardar izinin kan layi daga kowane ɗan takara.An ba da kulawar (n = 26) da ƙungiyoyin gwaji (n = 26) ta hanyar amfani da aikin bazuwar a cikin Microsoft Excel (2016, Redmond, Amurka).Hoto na 5 yana nuna ɗaukar mahalarta da ƙirar gwaji a cikin ginshiƙi mai gudana.
Ƙirar nazari don bincika abubuwan da mahalarta suka samu tare da ƙirar filastik da ƙarin aikace-aikacen gaskiya.
Tun daga Maris 27, 2023, ƙungiyar gwaji da ƙungiyar kulawa sun yi amfani da AR-TCPT da ƙirar filastik don sassaƙa hakora uku, bi da bi, har tsawon makonni uku.Mahalarta sun sassaƙa premolars da molars, ciki har da mandibular farko molar, mandibular farko premolar, da maxillary farko premolar, duk tare da hadaddun fasali.Ba a haɗa maxillary canines a cikin sassaka ba.Mahalarta suna da sa'o'i uku a mako don yanke hakori.Bayan ƙirƙira haƙori, samfuran filastik da alamomin hoto na sarrafawa da ƙungiyoyin gwaji, bi da bi, an fitar da su.Ba tare da tantance alamar hoto ba, abubuwan haƙora na 3D ba su inganta ta AR-TCTP.Don hana yin amfani da wasu kayan aikin, ƙungiyoyin gwaji da sarrafawa sun yi aikin sassaƙa haƙora a ɗakuna daban-daban.An ba da martani game da siffar hakori makonni uku bayan ƙarshen gwajin don iyakance tasirin umarnin malami.An gudanar da takardar tambayoyin bayan an kammala yanke mandibular farko molars a mako na uku na Afrilu.Tambayoyin da aka gyara daga Sanders et al.Alfala et al.yayi amfani da tambayoyi 23 daga [26].[27] tantance bambance-bambance a cikin siffar zuciya tsakanin kayan aikin aiki.Koyaya, a cikin wannan binciken, an cire abu ɗaya don magudi kai tsaye a kowane matakin daga Alfalah et al.[27].Abubuwan 22 da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken an nuna su a cikin Table 1. Ƙungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji suna da darajar Cronbach's α na 0.587 da 0.912, bi da bi.
An yi nazarin bayanai ta amfani da software na ƙididdiga na SPSS (v25.0, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, Amurka).An yi gwajin mahimmanci na gefe biyu a matakin mahimmanci na 0.05.An yi amfani da ainihin gwajin Fisher don nazarin halaye na gaba ɗaya kamar jinsi, shekaru, wurin zama, da ƙwarewar sassaƙawar hakori don tabbatar da rarraba waɗannan halaye tsakanin ƙungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.Sakamakon gwajin Shapiro-Wilk ya nuna cewa ba a rarraba bayanan binciken da aka saba ba (p <0.05).Sabili da haka, an yi amfani da gwajin Mann-Whitney U marasa daidaituwa don kwatanta iko da ƙungiyoyin gwaji.
An nuna kayan aikin da mahalarta suka yi amfani da su a lokacin aikin sassaƙa hakora a cikin Hoto na 6. Hoto na 6a yana nuna samfurin filastik, kuma Figures 6b-d yana nuna AR-TCPT da aka yi amfani da shi akan na'urar hannu.AR-TCPT tana amfani da kyamarar na'urar don gano alamomin hoto kuma tana nuna ingantaccen abu na haƙori na 3D akan allon wanda mahalarta zasu iya sarrafa su kuma su lura a ainihin lokaci.Maɓallin "Na gaba" da "Na baya" na na'urar hannu suna ba ku damar lura dalla-dalla matakan sassaka da halayen halayen hakora.Don ƙirƙirar haƙori, masu amfani da AR-TCPT suna kwatankwacin ingantaccen ƙirar haƙorin 3D akan allo tare da toshe kakin zuma.
Gwada sassaƙa hakora.Wannan hoton yana nuna kwatance tsakanin al'adar sassaƙa haƙori na gargajiya (TCP) ta amfani da ƙirar filastik da mataki-mataki TCP ta amfani da kayan aikin haɓaka na gaskiya.Dalibai za su iya kallon matakan sassaƙa na 3D ta danna maballin Gaba da Gaba.a: Samfurin filastik a cikin saitin matakan mataki-mataki don sassaƙa hakora.b: TCP ta amfani da kayan aiki na gaskiya a matakin farko na mandibular farko premolar.c: TCP ta yin amfani da kayan aiki na gaskiya a lokacin mataki na ƙarshe na ƙirar farko na mandibular.d: Tsari na gano tudu da tsagi.IM, lakabin hoto;MD, na'urar hannu;NSB, maɓallin "Na gaba";PSB, maɓallin "Tsohon";SMD, mariƙin na'urar hannu;TC, injin zanen hakori;W, kakin zuma block
Babu wani bambance-bambance mai mahimmanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu na mahalarta da aka zaɓa bazuwar dangane da jinsi, shekaru, wurin zama, da ƙwarewar sassaƙawar hakori (p> 0.05).Ƙungiyar kulawa ta ƙunshi 96.2% mata (n = 25) da 3.8% maza (n = 1), yayin da ƙungiyar gwaji ta ƙunshi mata kawai (n = 26).Ƙungiyar kulawa ta ƙunshi 61.5% (n = 16) na mahalarta shekaru 20, 26.9% (n = 7) na mahalarta shekaru 21 shekaru, da 11.5% (n = 3) na mahalarta shekaru ≥ 22 shekaru, sa'an nan kuma gwajin gwaji. ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi 73.1% (n = 19) na mahalarta shekaru 20, 19.2% (n = 5) na mahalarta shekaru 21 shekaru, da 7.7% (n = 2) na mahalarta shekaru ≥ 22 shekaru.Dangane da wurin zama, 69.2% (n=18) na ƙungiyar kulawa suna zaune a Gyeonggi-do, kuma 23.1% (n=6) suna zaune a Seoul.Idan aka kwatanta, 50.0% (n = 13) na rukunin gwaji sun rayu a Gyeonggi-do, kuma 46.2% (n = 12) sun zauna a Seoul.Matsakaicin iko da ƙungiyoyin gwaji da ke zaune a Incheon shine 7.7% (n = 2) da 3.8% (n = 1), bi da bi.A cikin ƙungiyar kulawa, masu halartar 25 (96.2%) ba su da kwarewa a baya tare da sassaka hakora.Hakazalika, mahalarta 26 (100%) a cikin rukunin gwaji ba su da kwarewa a baya tare da sassaƙa hakora.
Tebu na 2 yana gabatar da ƙididdiga masu siffatawa da kwatancen ƙididdiga na martanin kowane rukuni zuwa abubuwan binciken guda 22.Akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyi a cikin martani ga kowane ɗayan abubuwan tambayoyin 22 (p <0.01).Idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa, ƙungiyar gwaji ta sami maki mafi girma akan abubuwan tambayoyin 21.Kawai akan tambaya 20 (Q20) na tambayoyin ne ƙungiyar kulawa ta sami maki sama da ƙungiyar gwaji.Histogram a cikin hoto na 7 a gani yana nuna bambanci a ma'aunin ma'ana tsakanin ƙungiyoyi.Tebur 2;Hoto 7 kuma yana nuna sakamakon ƙwarewar mai amfani don kowane aikin.A cikin rukunin sarrafawa, abu mafi girman maki yana da tambaya Q21, kuma mafi ƙarancin maki yana da tambaya Q6.A cikin rukunin gwaji, abu mafi girman maki yana da tambaya Q13, kuma mafi ƙarancin maki yana da tambaya Q20.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 7, mafi girman bambanci a cikin ma'ana tsakanin ƙungiyar kulawa da ƙungiyar gwaji ana lura da shi a cikin Q6, kuma ana ganin mafi ƙarancin bambanci a cikin Q22.
Kwatanta maki tambayoyin tambayoyi.Hoton ma'auni yana kwatanta matsakaicin maki na ƙungiyar kulawa ta amfani da ƙirar filastik da ƙungiyar gwaji ta amfani da ingantaccen aikace-aikacen gaskiya.AR-TCPT, ingantaccen kayan aikin aikin sassaƙa hakori.
Fasahar AR tana ƙara samun karɓuwa a fannoni daban-daban na likitan haƙori, gami da ƙayatarwa na asibiti, tiyatar baki, fasahar maidowa, ilimin halittar haƙori da haɓakawa, da kwaikwayo [28, 29, 30, 31].Misali, Microsoft HoloLens yana ba da ingantattun kayan aikin gaskiya don haɓaka ilimin hakori da shirin tiyata [32].Fasahar gaskiya ta gaskiya kuma tana ba da yanayin kwaikwayo don koyar da ilimin halittar haƙori [33].Ko da yake waɗannan abubuwan da suka ci gaba da fasaha na kayan aikin da suka dogara da kai-sanya nuni har yanzu ba su zama yaɗuwa a cikin ilimin haƙori ba, aikace-aikacen AR na wayar hannu na iya haɓaka ƙwarewar aikace-aikacen asibiti da kuma taimaka wa masu amfani da sauri su fahimci jikin mutum [34, 35].Fasahar AR kuma na iya ƙara ƙwarin gwiwar ɗalibai da sha'awar koyon ilimin halittar haƙori da samar da ƙarin ma'amala da ƙwarewar ilmantarwa [36].Kayan aikin koyo na AR suna taimaka wa ɗalibai ganin hadaddun hanyoyin haƙori da tsarin jiki a cikin 3D [37], wanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar ilimin halittar haƙori.
Tasirin samfuran haƙoran haƙora na filastik 3D da aka buga akan koyar da ilimin halittar haƙori ya riga ya fi littattafan rubutu da hotuna da bayanai na 2D [38].Koyaya, dijital na ilimi da ci gaban fasaha sun sa ya zama dole don gabatar da na'urori da fasaha daban-daban a cikin ilimin kiwon lafiya da ilimin likitanci, gami da ilimin hakori [35].Malamai suna fuskantar kalubalen koyar da hadaddun ra'ayoyi a cikin wani wuri mai saurin canzawa da kuzari [39], wanda ke buƙatar amfani da kayan aikin hannu daban-daban ban da ƙirar resin hakori na gargajiya don taimakawa ɗalibai a cikin aikin sassaƙa haƙori.Saboda haka, wannan binciken yana gabatar da kayan aiki na AR-TCPT mai amfani wanda ke amfani da fasahar AR don taimakawa a cikin aikin ilimin halittar haƙori.
Bincike akan ƙwarewar mai amfani na aikace-aikacen AR yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar abubuwan da ke tasiri amfani da multimedia [40].Kyakkyawan ƙwarewar mai amfani na AR na iya ƙayyade alkiblar haɓakawa da haɓakawa, gami da manufarsa, sauƙin amfani, aiki mai laushi, nunin bayanai, da hulɗar [41].Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Tebu 2, ban da Q20, ƙungiyar gwaji ta amfani da AR-TCPT ta sami ƙimar ƙwarewar mai amfani mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa ta amfani da ƙirar filastik.Idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan filastik, ƙwarewar amfani da AR-TCPT a aikin sassaƙa haƙori an ƙima sosai.Gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da fahimta, gani, kallo, maimaitawa, amfanin kayan aiki, da bambancin ra'ayi.Fa'idodin amfani da AR-TCPT sun haɗa da saurin fahimta, ingantaccen kewayawa, tanadin lokaci, haɓaka ƙwarewar zane-zane na yau da kullun, cikakkiyar ɗaukar hoto, ingantacciyar koyo, rage dogaro da littattafai, da yanayin hulɗa, jin daɗi, da bayanin yanayin ƙwarewar.AR-TCPT kuma yana sauƙaƙe hulɗa tare da sauran kayan aikin aiki kuma yana ba da ra'ayoyi bayyanannu daga mahalli da yawa.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 7, AR-TCPT ta ba da shawarar ƙarin batu a cikin tambaya ta 20: cikakkiyar ƙirar mai amfani da zana wanda ke nuna duk matakan sassaƙa haƙori ana buƙatar don taimakawa ɗalibai yin sassaƙawar haƙori.Nuna duk aikin sassaƙa haƙori yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙwarewar sassaƙawar hakori kafin a yi wa marasa lafiya magani.Ƙungiyar gwaji ta sami maki mafi girma a cikin Q13, tambaya mai mahimmanci da ke da alaka da taimakawa wajen bunkasa fasaha na zane-zane da kuma inganta ƙwarewar mai amfani kafin yin maganin marasa lafiya, yana nuna yiwuwar wannan kayan aiki a cikin aikin sassaka hakori.Masu amfani suna son yin amfani da ƙwarewar da suka koya a cikin yanayin asibiti.Koyaya, ana buƙatar karatun bin diddigin don kimanta haɓakawa da ingancin ainihin ƙwarewar sassaƙawar haƙori.Tambaya ta 6 ta yi tambaya ko za a iya amfani da ƙirar filastik da AR-TCTP idan ya cancanta, kuma martani ga wannan tambayar ya nuna babban bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu.A matsayin aikace-aikacen hannu, AR-TCPT ya kasance mafi dacewa don amfani idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar filastik.Koyaya, yana da wahala a tabbatar da ingancin ilimi na aikace-aikacen AR dangane da ƙwarewar mai amfani kaɗai.Ana buƙatar ƙarin karatu don kimanta tasirin AR-TCTP akan allunan haƙori da aka gama.Koyaya, a cikin wannan binciken, babban ƙimar ƙwarewar mai amfani na AR-TCPT yana nuna yuwuwar sa azaman kayan aiki mai amfani.
Wannan kwatankwacin binciken ya nuna cewa AR-TCPT na iya zama madadin maɗaukaki mai mahimmanci ko dacewa ga ƙirar filastik na gargajiya a cikin ofisoshin hakori, kamar yadda ta sami kyakkyawan ƙima dangane da ƙwarewar mai amfani.Koyaya, tantance fifikonsa zai buƙaci ƙarin ƙididdigewa daga masu koyarwa na tsaka-tsaki da na ƙarshe da aka sassaƙa.Bugu da ƙari, tasirin bambance-bambancen mutum a cikin iyawar fahimtar sararin samaniya akan aikin sassaƙa da haƙori na ƙarshe shima yana buƙatar bincika.Ƙarfin hakori ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum, wanda zai iya rinjayar aikin sassaka da haƙori na ƙarshe.Don haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tabbatar da ingancin AR-TCPT a matsayin kayan aiki don aikin sassaƙa haƙori da fahimtar aikin daidaitawa da daidaitawa na aikace-aikacen AR a cikin aikin sassaƙa.Binciken gaba ya kamata ya mayar da hankali kan kimanta haɓakawa da kimanta kayan aikin haƙori na haƙori ta amfani da fasahar HoloLens AR ta ci gaba.
A taƙaice, wannan binciken yana nuna yuwuwar AR-TCPT a matsayin kayan aiki don aikin sassaƙa haƙori yayin da yake ba wa ɗalibai sabbin ƙwarewa da ƙwarewar ilmantarwa.Idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar ƙirar filastik ta gargajiya, ƙungiyar AR-TCPT ta nuna ƙimar ƙwarewar mai amfani da yawa, gami da fa'idodi kamar saurin fahimta, ingantaccen koyo, da rage dogaro da littattafai.Tare da fasahar da aka saba da ita da sauƙin amfani, AR-TCPT tana ba da zaɓi mai ban sha'awa ga kayan aikin filastik na gargajiya kuma yana iya taimakawa sabbin masu sassaƙa 3D.Duk da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don kimanta tasirinsa na ilimi, ciki har da tasirinsa a kan iyawar mutane da kuma ƙididdige haƙoran da aka sassaka.
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Lokacin aikawa: Dec-25-2023