Fasahar Augmented Reality (AR) ta tabbatar da inganci wajen nuna bayanai da kuma yin abubuwa na 3D. Duk da cewa ɗalibai galibi suna amfani da aikace-aikacen AR ta hanyar na'urorin hannu, samfuran filastik ko hotuna na 2D har yanzu ana amfani da su sosai a cikin darussan yanke hakora. Saboda yanayin haƙora masu girma uku, ɗaliban sassaka haƙora suna fuskantar ƙalubale saboda rashin kayan aikin da ake da su waɗanda ke ba da jagora mai daidaito. A cikin wannan binciken, mun ƙirƙiri kayan aikin horar da sassaka haƙora na AR (AR-TCPT) kuma mun kwatanta shi da samfurin filastik don kimanta yuwuwar sa a matsayin kayan aiki na aiki da kuma gogewa tare da amfani da shi.
Don kwaikwayon haƙoran yankewa, mun ƙirƙiri wani abu mai siffar 3D wanda ya haɗa da maxillary canine da maxillary first premolar (mataki na 16), maxillar first premolar (mataki na 13), da maxillar first molar (mataki na 14). An sanya alamun hoto da aka ƙirƙira ta amfani da software na Photoshop ga kowane haƙori. An ƙirƙiri aikace-aikacen wayar hannu ta AR ta amfani da injin Unity. Don sassaka haƙori, an sanya mahalarta 52 bazuwar zuwa ƙungiyar sarrafawa (n = 26; ta amfani da samfuran haƙoran filastik) ko ƙungiyar gwaji (n = 26; ta amfani da AR-TCPT). An yi amfani da tambayoyin abubuwa 22 don kimanta ƙwarewar mai amfani. An gudanar da nazarin bayanai na kwatantawa ta amfani da gwajin Mann-Whitney U mara parametric ta hanyar shirin SPSS.
AR-TCPT tana amfani da kyamarar wayar hannu don gano alamun hoto da kuma nuna abubuwa 3D na gutsuttsuran haƙora. Masu amfani za su iya sarrafa na'urar don yin bita a kowane mataki ko kuma nazarin siffar haƙori. Sakamakon binciken ƙwarewar mai amfani ya nuna cewa idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa ta amfani da samfuran filastik, ƙungiyar gwaji ta AR-TCPT ta sami maki mafi girma akan ƙwarewar sassaka haƙora.
Idan aka kwatanta da samfuran filastik na gargajiya, AR-TCPT tana ba da kyakkyawar ƙwarewar mai amfani yayin sassaka haƙora. Kayan aikin yana da sauƙin shiga domin an tsara shi ne don masu amfani su yi amfani da shi a kan na'urorin hannu. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tantance tasirin ilimi na AR-TCTP akan ƙididdige haƙoran da aka sassaka da kuma ƙwarewar mai amfani da shi.
Ilimin halittar hakori da kuma motsa jiki na aiki muhimmin ɓangare ne na manhajar ilimin hakori. Wannan kwas ɗin yana ba da jagora na nazari da aiki kan yanayin hakori, aiki da sassaka kai tsaye na tsarin hakori [1, 2]. Hanyar koyarwa ta gargajiya ita ce a yi nazari a ka'ida sannan a yi sassaka haƙori bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka koya. Ɗalibai suna amfani da hotuna masu girma biyu (2D) na haƙora da samfuran filastik don sassaka haƙora akan tubalan kakin zuma ko filastik [3,4,5]. Fahimtar yanayin hakori yana da mahimmanci don maganin gyara haƙora da ƙera gyaran haƙora a aikin asibiti. Daidaitacciyar alaƙa tsakanin haƙoran da ke adawa da haƙora masu kusanci, kamar yadda siffarsu ta nuna, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na ɓoyewa da matsayi [6, 7]. Kodayake darussan hakori na iya taimaka wa ɗalibai su fahimci yanayin hakori sosai, har yanzu suna fuskantar ƙalubale a cikin tsarin yankewa da ke da alaƙa da ayyukan gargajiya.
Sabbin waɗanda suka shigo aikin gyaran hakora suna fuskantar ƙalubalen fassara da sake buga hotunan 2D a girma uku (3D) [8,9,10]. Siffofin hakori galibi ana wakilta su da zane-zane ko hotuna masu girma biyu, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli wajen ganin yanayin hakora. Bugu da ƙari, buƙatar yin sassaka hakora cikin sauri a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci da sarari, tare da amfani da hotunan 2D, yana sa ya yi wa ɗalibai wahala su fahimta da kuma ganin siffofi 3D [11]. Kodayake samfuran haƙoran filastik (wanda za a iya gabatar da su a matsayin waɗanda aka kammala a wani ɓangare ko a cikin tsari na ƙarshe) suna taimakawa wajen koyarwa, amfaninsu yana da iyaka saboda samfuran filastik na kasuwanci galibi an riga an ayyana su kuma suna iyakance damar yin aiki ga malamai da ɗalibai [4]. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan samfuran motsa jiki mallakar cibiyar ilimi ne kuma ɗaliban ɗaiɗaikun ba za su iya mallakar su ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar nauyin motsa jiki a lokacin aji da aka ware. Masu horarwa galibi suna koyar da ɗalibai da yawa yayin aikin kuma galibi suna dogara da hanyoyin aikin gargajiya, wanda zai iya haifar da dogon jira don ra'ayoyin mai horarwa akan matakan matsakaici na sassaka [12]. Saboda haka, akwai buƙatar jagorar sassaka don sauƙaƙe aikin sassaka haƙori da kuma rage iyakokin da samfuran filastik ke sanyawa.
Fasahar Augmented Reality (AR) ta fito a matsayin kayan aiki mai kyau don inganta ƙwarewar koyo. Ta hanyar haɗa bayanai na dijital zuwa yanayin rayuwa na gaske, fasahar AR na iya samar wa ɗalibai ƙwarewa mai zurfi da zurfafawa [13]. Garzón [14] ya yi amfani da shekaru 25 na gwaninta tare da ƙarni uku na farko na rarrabuwar ilimin AR kuma ya yi jayayya cewa amfani da na'urori masu hannu da aikace-aikace masu rahusa (ta hanyar na'urorin hannu da aikace-aikace) a ƙarni na biyu na AR ya inganta halayen cimma ilimi sosai. . Da zarar an ƙirƙira kuma an shigar da su, aikace-aikacen hannu suna ba kyamara damar gane da nuna ƙarin bayani game da abubuwan da aka gane, ta haka ne inganta ƙwarewar mai amfani [15, 16]. Fasahar AR tana aiki ta hanyar gane lambar ko alamar hoto daga kyamarar wayar hannu cikin sauri, tana nuna bayanan 3D da aka rufe lokacin da aka gano [17]. Ta hanyar sarrafa na'urorin hannu ko alamun hoto, masu amfani za su iya lura da fahimtar tsarin 3D cikin sauƙi da fahimta [18]. A cikin wani bita da Akçayır da Akçayır [19] suka yi, an gano cewa AR tana ƙara "nishaɗi" kuma ta sami nasarar "ƙara matakan shiga koyo." Duk da haka, saboda sarkakiyar bayanai, fasahar na iya zama "mai wahala ga ɗalibai su yi amfani da ita" kuma ta haifar da "nauyin fahimta," wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin shawarwari na koyarwa [19, 20, 21]. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka ƙimar ilimi ta AR ta hanyar ƙara amfani da ita da rage yawan wahalar aiki. Waɗannan abubuwan suna buƙatar a yi la'akari da su lokacin amfani da fasahar AR don ƙirƙirar kayan aikin ilimi don aikin sassaka haƙori.
Domin jagorantar ɗalibai yadda ya kamata a fannin sassaka hakori ta amfani da yanayin AR, dole ne a bi tsari mai ci gaba. Wannan hanyar na iya taimakawa wajen rage bambancin da kuma haɓaka ƙwarewar koyon haƙori [22]. Masu sassaka na farko za su iya inganta ingancin ayyukansu ta hanyar bin tsarin sassaka hakori na dijital mataki-mataki [23]. A gaskiya ma, an nuna cewa hanyar horarwa mataki-mataki tana da tasiri wajen ƙwarewar ƙwarewar sassaka a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci da kuma rage kurakurai a cikin ƙirar ƙarshe na gyara hakori [24]. A fannin gyara hakori, amfani da hanyoyin sassaka a saman haƙori hanya ce mai tasiri don taimaka wa ɗalibai su inganta ƙwarewarsu [25]. Wannan binciken yana da nufin haɓaka kayan aikin sassaka hakori na tushen AR (AR-TCPT) wanda ya dace da na'urorin hannu da kuma kimanta ƙwarewar mai amfani da shi. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya kwatanta ƙwarewar mai amfani da AR-TCPT tare da samfuran resin haƙori na gargajiya don kimanta yuwuwar AR-TCPT a matsayin kayan aiki mai amfani.
An tsara AR-TCPT don na'urorin hannu ta amfani da fasahar AR. An tsara wannan kayan aiki don ƙirƙirar samfuran 3D mataki-mataki na karnukan maxillary, premolars na farko na maxillary, premolars na farko na mandibular, da molars na farko na mandibular. An gudanar da ƙirar 3D ta farko ta amfani da 3D Studio Max (2019, Autodesk Inc., Amurka), kuma an gudanar da ƙirar ƙarshe ta amfani da kunshin software na Zbrush 3D (2019, Pixologic Inc., Amurka). An gudanar da alamar hoto ta amfani da software na Photoshop (Adobe Master Collection CC 2019, Adobe Inc., Amurka), wanda aka tsara don gane kyamarorin hannu, a cikin injin Vuforia (PTC Inc., Amurka; http:///developer.vuforia.com)). Ana aiwatar da aikace-aikacen AR ta amfani da injin Unity (Maris 12, 2019, Unity Technologies, Amurka) sannan daga baya aka shigar da shi aka ƙaddamar da shi akan na'urar hannu. Domin tantance ingancin AR-TCPT a matsayin kayan aiki don aikin sassaka hakori, an zaɓi mahalarta bazuwar daga ajin aikin gyaran hakora na 2023 don samar da ƙungiyar kulawa da ƙungiyar gwaji. Mahalarta a cikin ƙungiyar gwaji sun yi amfani da AR-TCPT, kuma ƙungiyar kulawa ta yi amfani da samfuran filastik daga Kayan Aikin Mataki na Sassaka Hakori (Nissin Dental Co., Japan). Bayan kammala aikin yanke hakora, an binciki kuma an kwatanta ƙwarewar mai amfani da kowane kayan aiki da hannu. An nuna yadda tsarin binciken ya gudana a Hoto na 1. An gudanar da wannan binciken ne tare da amincewar Hukumar Bitar Cibiyoyin Jami'a ta Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Kudu Seoul (lambar IRB: NSU-202210-003).
Ana amfani da samfurin 3D don nuna halayen sifofi na sifofi masu fitowa da kuma masu lanƙwasa na saman haƙora na mesial, distal, buccal, lingual da occlusal yayin aikin sassaka. An yi wa haƙoran kare na maxillary da maxillary farko premolar ƙira a matsayin mataki na 16, maxillar farko premolar a matsayin mataki na 13, da kuma maxillar farko molar a matsayin mataki na 14. Tsarin farko yana nuna sassan da ake buƙatar cirewa da kuma riƙe su a cikin tsarin fina-finan haƙora, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton. 2. An nuna jerin samfuran haƙori na ƙarshe a cikin Hoto na 3. A cikin samfurin ƙarshe, laushi, duwawu da ramuka suna bayyana tsarin da aka lalata na haƙori, kuma an haɗa bayanan hoto don jagorantar tsarin sassaka da kuma haskaka tsarin da ke buƙatar kulawa sosai. A farkon matakin sassaka, kowane saman an yi masa laƙabi da launi don nuna yanayinsa, kuma an yi wa toshewar kakin alama da layuka masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke nuna sassan da ke buƙatar cirewa. An yi wa saman haƙorin alama da digo-digo ja domin nuna wuraren da haƙoran suka taɓa wanda zai kasance a matsayin haskoki kuma ba za a cire su ba yayin yankewa. A saman da aka rufe, digo-digo ja suna nuna kowace ƙusa a matsayin abin da aka kiyaye, kuma kibiyoyi ja suna nuna alkiblar sassaka lokacin yanke tubalin kakin zuma. Tsarin 3D na sassan da aka riƙe da waɗanda aka cire yana ba da damar tabbatar da yanayin sassan da aka cire yayin matakan sassaka tubalin kakin zuma na gaba.
Ƙirƙiri kwaikwayon farko na abubuwa 3D a cikin tsarin sassaka haƙori mataki-mataki. a: Fuskar tsakiya ta farkon maxillary; b: Fuskar tsakiya ta ɗan fi girma da ta tsakiya ta farkon maxillary; c: Fuskar tsakiya ta farkon maxillary; d: Fuskar tsakiya ta ƙaramin maxillary da ta tsakiyar maxillary. surface. B – kunci; La – sautin labial; M – sautin tsakiya.
Abubuwa masu girma uku (3D) suna wakiltar tsarin yanke haƙora mataki-mataki. Wannan hoton yana nuna abin da aka gama na 3D bayan tsarin ƙirar haƙori na farko, yana nuna cikakkun bayanai da laushi ga kowane mataki na gaba. Bayanan ƙirar 3D na biyu sun haɗa da abin da aka ƙara na 3D na ƙarshe a cikin na'urar hannu. Layukan da aka nuna suna wakiltar sassan haƙori iri ɗaya, kuma sassan da aka raba suna wakiltar waɗanda dole ne a cire kafin a haɗa sashin da ke ɗauke da layin mai ƙarfi. Kibiyar ja ta 3D tana nuna alkiblar yanke haƙori, da'irar ja a saman nesa tana nuna yankin da haƙori ya taɓa, kuma silinda ja a saman rufewa tana nuna cizon haƙori. a: layuka masu dige-dige, layuka masu ƙarfi, da'irori ja a saman nesa da matakan da ke nuna toshewar kakin zuma da za a iya cirewa. b: Kimanin kammala samuwar haƙori na farko na muƙamuƙi na sama. c: Cikakken kallon haƙori na farko na sama, kibiya ja tana nuna alkiblar haƙori da zaren sarari, ja mai siffar silinda, layin mai ƙarfi yana nuna ɓangaren da za a yanke akan saman rufewa. d: Cikakken haƙori na farko na sama.
Domin sauƙaƙe gano matakan sassaka a jere ta amfani da na'urar hannu, an shirya alamun hoto guda huɗu don molar farko na mandibular, molar farko na mandibular, molar farko na maxillary, da kuma kare mai girma. An tsara alamun hoto ta amfani da software na Photoshop (2020, Adobe Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA) kuma an yi amfani da alamomin lamba na zagaye da tsarin bango mai maimaitawa don bambance kowane haƙori, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 4. Ƙirƙiri alamun hoto masu inganci ta amfani da injin Vuforia (software na ƙirƙirar alamar AR), kuma ƙirƙiri da adana alamun hoto ta amfani da injin Unity bayan karɓar ƙimar gane tauraro biyar don nau'in hoto ɗaya. Ana haɗa samfurin haƙori na 3D a hankali da alamun hoto, kuma ana ƙayyade matsayinsa da girmansa bisa ga alamun. Yana amfani da injin Unity da aikace-aikacen Android waɗanda za a iya shigar da su akan na'urorin hannu.
Alamar hoto. Waɗannan hotunan suna nuna alamun hoto da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken, wanda kyamarar wayar hannu ta gane ta hanyar nau'in haƙori (lamba a kowace da'ira). a: molar farko na mandible; b: premolar farko na mandible; c: molar farko na mandillar; d: kare na maxillary.
An ɗauki mahalarta daga aji na farko na aikin likitanci kan yanayin hakori na Sashen Tsabtace Hakori, Jami'ar Seong, Gyeonggi-do. An sanar da waɗanda za su iya shiga shirin game da waɗannan: (1) Shiga aikin na son rai ne kuma bai haɗa da wani albashi na kuɗi ko na ilimi ba; (2) Ƙungiyar kulawa za ta yi amfani da samfuran filastik, kuma ƙungiyar gwaji za ta yi amfani da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na AR; (3) gwajin zai ɗauki makonni uku kuma ya haɗa da haƙora uku; (4) Masu amfani da Android za su sami hanyar haɗi don shigar da aikace-aikacen, kuma masu amfani da iOS za su sami na'urar Android tare da AR-TCPT da aka sanya; (5) AR-TCTP za ta yi aiki iri ɗaya a kan tsarin biyu; (6) Sanya ƙungiyar kulawa da ƙungiyar gwaji ba zato ba tsammani; (7) Za a yi sassaka haƙora a dakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban; (8) Bayan gwajin, za a gudanar da bincike 22; (9) Ƙungiyar kulawa za ta iya amfani da AR-TCPT bayan gwajin. Jimillar mahalarta 52 sun yi aikin sa kai, kuma an sami fom ɗin amincewa ta yanar gizo daga kowane mahalarta. An rarraba ikon sarrafawa (n = 26) da ƙungiyoyin gwaji (n = 26) bazuwar ta amfani da aikin bazuwar a cikin Microsoft Excel (2016, Redmond, Amurka). Hoto na 5 yana nuna ɗaukar mahalarta da ƙirar gwaji a cikin jadawalin kwarara.
Tsarin nazari don bincika abubuwan da mahalarta suka fuskanta game da samfuran filastik da aikace-aikacen gaskiya masu inganci.
Tun daga ranar 27 ga Maris, 2023, ƙungiyar gwaji da ƙungiyar kula da lafiya sun yi amfani da samfuran AR-TCPT da filastik don sassaka haƙora uku, bi da bi, na tsawon makonni uku. Mahalarta sun sassaka premolars da molars, gami da molar farko na mandibular, premolar farko na mandibular, da premolar farko na maxillary, duk suna da fasaloli masu rikitarwa na siffa. Ba a haɗa karnukan maxillary a cikin sassaka ba. Mahalarta suna da sa'o'i uku a mako don yanke haƙori. Bayan ƙera haƙorin, an cire samfuran filastik da alamun hoto na ƙungiyoyin kulawa da gwaji, bi da bi. Ba tare da gane lakabin hoto ba, abubuwan haƙora na 3D ba a inganta su ta hanyar AR-TCTP. Don hana amfani da wasu kayan aikin aiki, ƙungiyoyin gwaji da na kulawa sun yi aikin sassaka haƙora a ɗakuna daban-daban. An bayar da ra'ayi kan siffar haƙora makonni uku bayan ƙarshen gwajin don iyakance tasirin umarnin malami. An gudanar da tambayoyin bayan an kammala yanke molar farko na mandibular a mako na uku na Afrilu. An gyara tambayoyin daga Sanders et al. Alfala et al. An yi amfani da tambayoyi 23 daga [26]. [27] sun tantance bambance-bambance a cikin siffar zuciya tsakanin kayan aikin motsa jiki. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan binciken, an cire abu ɗaya don sarrafa kai tsaye a kowane mataki daga Alfalah et al. [27]. An nuna abubuwa 22 da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken a cikin Tebur 1. Ƙungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji suna da ƙimar α na Cronbach na 0.587 da 0.912, bi da bi.
An gudanar da nazarin bayanai ta amfani da manhajar kididdiga ta SPSS (v25.0, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, Amurka). An gudanar da gwajin mahimmanci mai gefe biyu a matakin mahimmanci na 0.05. An yi amfani da gwajin Fisher na ainihi don nazarin halaye na gabaɗaya kamar jinsi, shekaru, wurin zama, da ƙwarewar sassaka haƙori don tabbatar da rarraba waɗannan halaye tsakanin ƙungiyoyin sarrafawa da na gwaji. Sakamakon gwajin Shapiro-Wilk ya nuna cewa ba a saba rarraba bayanan binciken ba (p < 0.05). Saboda haka, an yi amfani da gwajin Mann-Whitney U mara mizani don kwatanta ƙungiyoyin sarrafawa da na gwaji.
Kayan aikin da mahalarta suka yi amfani da su yayin aikin sassaka hakora an nuna su a Hoto na 6. Hoto na 6a yana nuna samfurin filastik, kuma Hoto na 6b-d yana nuna AR-TCPT da aka yi amfani da shi akan na'urar hannu. AR-TCPT yana amfani da kyamarar na'urar don gano alamun hoto kuma yana nuna wani abu mai haɓaka na haƙori na 3D akan allon wanda mahalarta zasu iya sarrafawa da lura a ainihin lokacin. Maɓallan "Na gaba" da "Na baya" na na'urar hannu suna ba ku damar lura da cikakkun bayanai matakan sassaka da halayen yanayin haƙoran. Don ƙirƙirar haƙori, masu amfani da AR-TCPT suna kwatanta ingantaccen samfurin haƙori na 3D akan allo tare da toshe kakin zuma.
Yin aikin sassaka hakora. Wannan hoton yana nuna kwatancen tsakanin aikin sassaka hakora na gargajiya (TCP) ta amfani da samfuran filastik da TCP mataki-mataki ta amfani da kayan aikin gaskiya mai ƙara girma. Dalibai za su iya kallon matakan sassaka na 3D ta danna maɓallan Next da na Baya. a: Samfurin filastik a cikin saitin samfuran mataki-mataki don sassaka hakora. b: TCP ta amfani da kayan aikin gaskiya mai ƙara girma a matakin farko na premolar na farko na mandibular. c: TCP ta amfani da kayan aikin gaskiya mai ƙara girma a lokacin matakin ƙarshe na samuwar premolar na farko na mandibular. d: Tsarin gano tsaunin da ramuka. IM, lakabin hoto; MD, na'urar hannu; NSB, maɓallin "Na gaba"; PSB, maɓallin "Na gaba"; SMD, mai riƙe na'urar hannu; TC, injin sassaka hakori; W, toshe kakin zuma
Babu wani muhimmin bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu na mahalarta da aka zaɓa bazuwar dangane da jinsi, shekaru, wurin zama, da ƙwarewar sassaka haƙori (p > 0.05). Ƙungiyar kulawa ta ƙunshi mata 96.2% (n = 25) da maza 3.8% (n = 1), yayin da ƙungiyar gwaji ta ƙunshi mata kawai (n = 26). Ƙungiyar kulawa ta ƙunshi kashi 61.5% (n = 16) na mahalarta masu shekaru 20, 26.9% (n = 7) na mahalarta masu shekaru 21, da 11.5% (n = 3) na mahalarta masu shekaru ≥ 22, sannan ƙungiyar kula da gwaji ta ƙunshi kashi 73.1% (n = 19) na mahalarta masu shekaru 20, 19.2% (n = 5) na mahalarta masu shekaru 21, da 7.7% (n = 2) na mahalarta masu shekaru ≥ 22. Dangane da zama, kashi 69.2% (n=18) na ƙungiyar masu kula da lafiya sun zauna a Gyeonggi-do, kuma kashi 23.1% (n=6) sun zauna a Seoul. Idan aka kwatanta, kashi 50.0% (n=13) na ƙungiyar masu gwaji sun rayu a Gyeonggi-do, kuma kashi 46.2% (n=12) sun rayu a Seoul. Kashi na ƙungiyoyin masu kula da lafiya da na gwaji da ke zaune a Incheon shine kashi 7.7% (n= 2) da 3.8% (n= 1), bi da bi. A cikin ƙungiyar masu kula da lafiya, mahalarta 25 (96.2%) ba su da wata gogewa a baya da sassaka hakora. Hakazalika, mahalarta 26 (100%) a cikin ƙungiyar masu gwaji ba su da wata gogewa a baya da sassaka hakora.
Tebur na 2 ya gabatar da kididdigar da aka kwatanta da kuma kwatancen kididdiga na amsoshin kowace ƙungiya ga abubuwan bincike 22. Akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin ƙungiyoyin a cikin amsoshin kowanne daga cikin tambayoyin tambayoyi 22 (p < 0.01). Idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa, ƙungiyar gwaji ta sami matsakaicin maki mafi girma akan abubuwan tambayoyi 21. A kan tambaya ta 20 (Q20) na tambayoyin ne kawai ƙungiyar kulawa ta sami maki mafi girma fiye da ƙungiyar gwaji. Histogram ɗin da ke cikin Hoto na 7 yana nuna bambanci a matsakaicin maki tsakanin ƙungiyoyi a bayyane. Tebur na 2; Hoto na 7 kuma yana nuna sakamakon ƙwarewar mai amfani ga kowane aiki. A cikin ƙungiyar kulawa, abin da ya fi maki mafi girma yana da tambaya ta 21, kuma abin da ya fi maki mafi ƙanƙanta yana da tambaya ta 6. A cikin ƙungiyar gwaji, abin da ya fi maki mafi girma yana da tambaya ta 13, kuma abin da ya fi maki mafi ƙanƙanta yana da tambaya ta 20. Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 7, an lura da babban bambanci a matsakaici tsakanin ƙungiyar kulawa da ƙungiyar gwaji a Q6, kuma an lura da ƙaramin bambanci a Q22.
Kwatanta sakamakon tambayoyi. Jadawalin sandar da ke kwatanta matsakaicin maki na ƙungiyar sarrafawa ta amfani da samfurin filastik da ƙungiyar gwaji ta amfani da aikace-aikacen gaskiya mai ƙarawa. AR-TCPT, kayan aikin sassaka hakori wanda ya dogara da gaskiyar da aka ƙarawa.
Fasahar AR tana ƙara shahara a fannoni daban-daban na likitancin hakori, ciki har da kyawun asibiti, tiyatar baki, fasahar gyarawa, yanayin hakori da implantology, da kuma kwaikwayon [28, 29, 30, 31]. Misali, Microsoft HoloLens yana ba da kayan aikin gaskiya masu tasowa don inganta ilimin hakori da tsara tiyata [32]. Fasahar gaskiya ta kama-da-wane kuma tana ba da yanayin kwaikwayo don koyar da yanayin hakori [33]. Duk da cewa waɗannan nunin da aka ɗora wa kai wanda ya dogara da kayan aiki na zamani ba su sami karbuwa sosai a ilimin hakori ba tukuna, aikace-aikacen AR na hannu na iya inganta ƙwarewar aikace-aikacen asibiti da kuma taimaka wa masu amfani su fahimci yanayin hakori cikin sauri [34, 35]. Fasahar AR kuma na iya ƙara wa ɗalibai kwarin gwiwa da sha'awar koyon yanayin hakori da kuma samar da ƙwarewar koyo mai hulɗa da jan hankali [36]. Kayan aikin koyon AR suna taimaka wa ɗalibai su hango hanyoyin haƙori masu rikitarwa da tsarin jiki a cikin 3D [37], wanda yake da mahimmanci don fahimtar yanayin hakori.
Tasirin samfuran haƙoran filastik da aka buga a 3D akan koyar da yanayin haƙori ya riga ya fi littattafan karatu masu hotuna da bayani na 2D [38]. Duk da haka, haɓaka ilimi da ci gaban fasaha ta dijital ya sa ya zama dole a gabatar da na'urori da fasahohi daban-daban a fannin kiwon lafiya da ilimin likitanci, gami da ilimin haƙori [35]. Malamai suna fuskantar ƙalubalen koyar da dabaru masu rikitarwa a cikin wani fanni mai saurin tasowa da ƙarfi [39], wanda ke buƙatar amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban na hannu ban da samfuran resin haƙori na gargajiya don taimaka wa ɗalibai wajen yin sassaka haƙori. Saboda haka, wannan binciken ya gabatar da kayan aiki mai amfani na AR-TCPT wanda ke amfani da fasahar AR don taimakawa wajen yin aikin yanayin haƙori.
Bincike kan ƙwarewar mai amfani da aikace-aikacen AR yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen fahimtar abubuwan da ke tasiri ga amfani da multimedia [40]. Kyakkyawan ƙwarewar mai amfani da AR zai iya tantance alkiblar ci gabanta da haɓaka ta, gami da manufarta, sauƙin amfani, aiki mai santsi, nuna bayanai, da hulɗa [41]. Kamar yadda aka nuna a Jadawali na 2, ban da Q20, ƙungiyar gwaji da ke amfani da AR-TCPT ta sami ƙimar ƙwarewar mai amfani mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa ta amfani da samfuran filastik. Idan aka kwatanta da samfuran filastik, ƙwarewar amfani da AR-TCPT a aikin sassaka hakori an ƙididdige ta sosai. Kimantawa sun haɗa da fahimta, gani, lura, maimaitawa, amfani da kayan aiki, da bambancin ra'ayoyi. Fa'idodin amfani da AR-TCPT sun haɗa da fahimtar sauri, kewayawa mai inganci, adana lokaci, haɓaka ƙwarewar sassaka kafin asibiti, cikakken rufewa, ingantaccen koyo, rage dogaro da littattafai, da kuma yanayin hulɗa, jin daɗi, da kuma ba da bayanai game da ƙwarewar. AR-TCPT kuma tana sauƙaƙe hulɗa da wasu kayan aikin aiki kuma tana ba da ra'ayoyi bayyanannu daga ra'ayoyi da yawa.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 7, AR-TCPT ta gabatar da ƙarin batu a tambaya ta 20: ana buƙatar cikakken tsarin mai amfani da ke nuna duk matakan sassaka haƙori don taimaka wa ɗalibai su yi sassaka haƙori. Nuna dukkan tsarin sassaka haƙori yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙwarewar sassaka haƙori kafin a yi wa marasa lafiya magani. Ƙungiyar gwaji ta sami mafi girman maki a cikin kwata na 13, wata muhimmiyar tambaya da ta shafi taimakawa wajen haɓaka ƙwarewar sassaka haƙori da haɓaka ƙwarewar mai amfani kafin a yi wa marasa lafiya magani, tana nuna yuwuwar wannan kayan aiki a cikin aikin sassaka haƙori. Masu amfani suna son amfani da ƙwarewar da suka koya a cikin yanayin asibiti. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar nazarin bibiya don kimanta ci gaba da ingancin ƙwarewar sassaka haƙori na gaske. Tambaya ta 6 ta yi tambaya ko ana iya amfani da samfuran filastik da AR-TCTP idan ya cancanta, kuma amsoshin wannan tambayar sun nuna babban bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu. A matsayin manhajar wayar hannu, AR-TCPT ta tabbatar da cewa ta fi dacewa a yi amfani da ita idan aka kwatanta da samfuran filastik. Duk da haka, har yanzu yana da wahala a tabbatar da ingancin ilimi na manhajojin AR bisa ga ƙwarewar mai amfani kawai. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don kimanta tasirin AR-TCTP akan allunan hakori da aka gama. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan binciken, ƙimar ƙwarewar mai amfani da AR-TCPT mai yawa ta nuna yuwuwarta a matsayin kayan aiki mai amfani.
Wannan binciken kwatantawa ya nuna cewa AR-TCPT na iya zama madadin amfani ko kuma ƙari ga samfuran filastik na gargajiya a ofisoshin hakori, saboda ya sami kyakkyawan ƙima dangane da ƙwarewar mai amfani. Duk da haka, tantance fifikonsa zai buƙaci ƙarin ƙididdigewa daga masu koyar da ƙashi na tsakiya da na ƙarshe. Bugu da ƙari, tasirin bambance-bambancen mutum ɗaya a cikin ƙwarewar fahimtar sarari akan tsarin sassaka da haƙori na ƙarshe suma suna buƙatar a bincika. Ikon haƙori ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum, wanda zai iya shafar tsarin sassaka da haƙori na ƙarshe. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tabbatar da ingancin AR-TCPT a matsayin kayan aiki don aikin sassaka haƙori da kuma fahimtar rawar da ake takawa da kuma shiga tsakani na aikace-aikacen AR a cikin tsarin sassaka. Binciken gaba ya kamata ya mayar da hankali kan kimanta haɓakawa da kimanta kayan aikin yanayin haƙori ta amfani da fasahar HoloLens AR mai ci gaba.
A taƙaice, wannan binciken ya nuna yuwuwar AR-TCPT a matsayin kayan aiki don yin aikin sassaka hakori domin yana ba wa ɗalibai ƙwarewar koyo mai ƙirƙira da hulɗa. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar ƙirar filastik ta gargajiya, ƙungiyar AR-TCPT ta nuna maki mafi girma na ƙwarewar masu amfani, gami da fa'idodi kamar fahimtar sauri, ingantaccen koyo, da rage dogaro da littattafan karatu. Tare da fasahar da aka saba da ita da sauƙin amfani, AR-TCPT tana ba da madadin kayan aikin filastik na gargajiya kuma tana iya taimaka wa sabbin shiga yin sassaka na 3D. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don kimanta tasirin iliminsa, gami da tasirinsa akan ƙwarewar sassaka mutane da kuma auna haƙoran da aka sassaka.
Ana samun bayanai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken ta hanyar tuntuɓar marubucin da ya dace bisa buƙata mai ma'ana.
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Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-25-2023