Duniya wani yanayi ne mai rikitarwa, kuma matsayinmu a cikinta ya dogara ne akan abubuwa daban-daban. Daga lafiyar ƙasa zuwa ingancin iska zuwa halayen tsirrai da ƙananan halittu, fahimtar duniyarmu ta halitta da sauran mazaunanta yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwarmu. Yayin da yanayi ke ci gaba da canzawa, nazarin muhalli da nau'ikan halittu daban-daban zai ƙara zama mahimmanci.
A watan Oktoba na 2023, Advanced Photon Source (APS), wani wurin amfani da na'urar bincike a Ofishin Kimiyya a Dakin Gwaji na Ƙasa na Argonne na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (DOE), zai ƙaddamar da wani sabon shiri a hukumance don faɗaɗa binciken halittu da muhalli da kuma iyawar bincike a manyan dakunan gwaje-gwaje na duniya. Filin X-ray. Wani kamfani mai suna eBERlight kwanan nan ya sami amincewa daga shirin Binciken Halittu da Muhalli na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (BER). Manufar ita ce haɗa masu bincike da ke gudanar da gwaje-gwaje kan manufar BER tare da albarkatun kimiyyar X-ray na APS na duniya. Ta hanyar faɗaɗa damar samun damar amfani da damammaki daban-daban na APS, masu tunani na eBERlight suna fatan gano sabbin hanyoyin kimiyya da kuma jawo hankalin sabbin ƙungiyoyin masu bincike na fannoni daban-daban don bincika sabbin ra'ayoyi game da duniyar da muke rayuwa a ciki.
"Wannan dama ce ta ƙirƙirar wani sabon abu wanda bai taɓa wanzuwa a APS ba a da," in ji masanin kimiyyar furotin na Argonne National Laboratory, Caroline Michalska, wacce ke jagorantar aikin eBERlight. â�<“我们正在扩大准入范围，以适应更多的生物和环境研究，并且由于该计划是如此新，因此将使用该设施的科学家正在帮助我们开发它。 â�<“我们正在扩大准入范围，以适应更多的生物和环境研究，并且由于该计划是且划是计划是"Muna faɗaɗa damar shiga don ba da damar ƙarin bincike kan halittu da muhalli, kuma saboda shirin sabo ne, masana kimiyya waɗanda za su yi amfani da cibiyar suna taimaka mana wajen haɓaka shi."
Tun lokacin da aka kafa APS a shekarun 1990, ta kasance jagora a fannin "macromolecular crystallography" a binciken halittu. Masana kimiyya suna amfani da wannan fasaha don ƙarin koyo game da cututtuka masu yaduwa da ƙwayoyin cuta don shimfida harsashin alluran rigakafi da magunguna. APS yanzu tana da niyyar faɗaɗa nasararta zuwa wasu fannoni na rayuwa da kimiyyar muhalli.
Wata matsala da wannan faɗaɗawa ita ce masana kimiyyar halittu da muhalli da yawa ba su san da ikon APS na taimaka musu wajen ci gaba da bincikensu ba kuma ba su saba da tsarin samar da hasken X-ray mai haske na wani abu ba. Haka nan, masana kimiyya da yawa ba su san wanne daga cikin tashoshin gwaji na APS da yawa, waɗanda ake kira beamlines, ne mafi kyawun zaɓi ga gwaje-gwajensu ba, tunda kowane tasha an inganta shi don takamaiman kimiyya da fasaha.
Michalska ta ce a nan ne eBERlight ke shiga. Ta bayyana shi a matsayin wani tsari na kama-da-wane da aka tsara don haɗa masana kimiyya da fasahohin da suka dace a kan hanyar APS mai kyau. Masu bincike za su gabatar da shawarwari ga ma'aikatan eBERlight waɗanda za su taimaka wajen daidaita ƙirar gwaji tare da hanyar da ta dace don gudanar da binciken da aka tsara. Ta ce bambancin ƙarfin APS yana nufin eBERlight zai iya yin tasiri a fannoni da yawa na ilimin halittu da kimiyyar muhalli.
"Muna duba abin da masu binciken BER ke nazari a kai da kuma yadda za mu iya ƙara wannan binciken," in ji ta. â�<“其中一些研究人员从未使用过APS 等同步加速器。 â�<“其中一些研究人员从未使用过APS 等同步加速器。"Wasu daga cikin waɗannan masu binciken ba su taɓa amfani da synchrotron kamar APS ba."Sun koyi irin kayan aikin da ake da su da kuma irin tambayoyin kimiyya da za a iya magancewa a APS waɗanda ba za a iya yi a wani wuri ba.
"Wannan dama ce ta gina wani sabon abu wanda bai taɓa wanzuwa a APS ba a da. Muna faɗaɗa fannin binciken halittu da muhalli, kuma saboda wannan sabon bincike ne, masana kimiyya waɗanda za su yi amfani da wurin suna taimaka mana wajen haɓaka aikin." - Caroline Michalska, Argonne National Laboratory
Dangane da takamaiman kimiyyar da eBERlight zai tallata, Michalska ya ce zai haɗa da komai tun daga binciken ƙasa zuwa shukar shuke-shuke, samuwar gajimare da man fetur na halitta. Stefan Vogt, mataimakin darektan Sashen Kimiyya na X-ray na APS, ya ƙara zagayowar ruwa a cikin jerin, yana mai lura da cewa wannan bayanin yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don fahimtar yanayin sauyin yanayi.
"Muna nazarin tambayoyi da suka shafi kimiyyar yanayi, kuma muna buƙatar ci gaba da nazarin su," in ji Vogt. â�<“我们需要了解如何应对气候变化对环境的深远影响。 â�<“我们需要了解如何应对气候变化对环境的深远影响。"Muna buƙatar fahimtar yadda za mu yaƙi mummunan sakamakon sauyin yanayi."
Duk da cewa eBERlight ta fara aiki a hukumance a watan Oktoba, APS za ta ci gaba da dakatar da aikin na tsawon shekara guda a matsayin wani ɓangare na cikakken haɓaka kayan aiki. A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar za ta yi aiki don bincike da haɓaka tsarin samfuran halittu da muhalli, haɓaka bayanai, da kuma gudanar da ayyukan wayar da kan jama'a ga shirin.
Idan APS ta sake dawowa kan layi a shekarar 2024, za a faɗaɗa ƙarfinta sosai. Ƙungiyar eBERlight za ta shiga yarjejeniyoyi na dogon lokaci tare da tashoshi 13 na APS waɗanda ke wakiltar fasahohi iri-iri. Masana kimiyya da ke aiki ta hanyar eBERlight za su kuma sami damar shiga albarkatun Argonne, kamar Cibiyar Kwamfuta ta Argonne, inda Ofishin Kimiyya na DOE da manyan kwamfutoci na dakin gwaje-gwaje suke, da Cibiyar Babba ta Halayyar Sunadaran, inda ake haɗa sunadaran da kuma shirya su don bincike.
Yayin da shirin ke ci gaba, zai yi amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa da sauran wuraren amfani da Ofishin Kimiyya na DOE, kamar Dakin Gwaji na Kimiyyar Molecular na Muhalli na Dakin Gwaji na Ƙasa na Pacific Northwest da Cibiyar Hadin Gwiwa ta Genome a Dakin Gwaji na Ƙasa na Lawrence Berkeley.
"Yana buƙatar ƙauye don renon yaro, amma yana buƙatar ƙauye mafi girma don magance matsalar kimiyya," in ji masanin kimiyyar Argonne Zou Finfrock, memba na ƙungiyar eBERlight. â�<“我喜欢eBERlight的多面性。 â�<“我喜欢eBERlight的多面性。"Ina son yanayin eBERlight mai fuskoki daban-daban yayin da yake ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar wani dandamali mai haɗaka wanda ke haɓaka binciken kimiyya zuwa tsarin halittu, ƙasa da muhalli."Yana kama da abu mai sauƙi, amma girman da tasirin da zai iya yi yana da yawa.
An daɗe ana yin wannan tunanin na eBERlight, a cewar Ken Kemner, babban masanin kimiyyar lissafi kuma shugaban rukuni a Argonne National Laboratory. Kemner ya yi aiki a APS tsawon shekaru 27 na dakin gwaje-gwajen, wanda ya shafe mafi yawansu yana haɗa masu binciken muhalli da albarkatun cibiyar. Yanzu eBERlight zai ci gaba da wannan aikin a babban mataki, in ji shi. Yana fatan ganin sabbin ci gaba da za a samu ta hanyar bincike kan iskar gas mai dumama yanayi, yanayin dausayi, da kuma hulɗar tsirrai da ƙananan halittu da ƙasa da laka.
A cewar Kemner, mabuɗin nasarar eBERlight shine horar da masana kimiyyar synchrotron, da kuma masana kimiyyar halittu da muhalli.
"Dole ne ku horar da masana kimiyyar rediyo don fahimtar matsalolin kimiyyar muhalli da kuma daidaita fasaha don magance matsalolin binciken muhalli," in ji shi. â�<“您还必须教育环境科学家了解光源设施对于解决这些问题有多么出。 â�<“您还必须教育环境科学家了解光源设施对于解决这些问题有多么出。"Haka kuma kuna buƙatar ilmantar da masana kimiyyar muhalli game da yadda hanyoyin haske ke da kyau wajen magance waɗannan matsalolin."Ana yin hakan ne domin rage shingen da ke hana jawo hankalin su.
Laurent Chapon, mataimakin darakta na dakin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya na Photon Science kuma darektan APS, ya ce sabon shirin yana nufin samar da damar shiga APS da karfinta ta hanyar dimokuradiyya.
"Wannan shirin yana aika da muhimmin sako cewa APS muhimmin albarkatu ne ga ƙasar, wanda ke da ikon haɓaka shirye-shirye waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen magance matsaloli masu mahimmanci, a wannan yanayin matsalolin muhalli da na halittu," in ji Chapon. â�<“eBERlight â�<“eBERlight"eBERlight zai samar da cikakkiyar mafita ga masana kimiyya da ke neman magance matsalolin kimiyyar rayuwa masu mahimmanci."
"Ina fatan komai manyan ƙalubalen da masana kimiyya ke fuskanta, APS za ta iya taimaka musu," in ji ta. â�<“这些挑战影响着我们每个人。 â�<“这些挑战影响着我们每个人。"Waɗannan matsalolin suna shafar mu duka."
Cibiyar Kwamfuta ta Shugabancin Argonne tana ba wa al'ummar kimiyya da injiniya damar amfani da na'urori masu ƙarfi don haɓaka bincike da fahimta a fannoni daban-daban. Tare da tallafin shirin Binciken Kwamfuta na Kimiyyar Kimiyya (ASCR) na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (DOE), ALCF tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kwamfuta guda biyu da aka keɓe don kimiyyar buɗe ido.
Ofishin Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka na Ci gaba da Hasken Photon (APS) a Dakin Gwaji na Ƙasa na Argonne yana ɗaya daga cikin tushen hasken X-ray mafi inganci a duniya. APS yana ba da hasken X-ray mai haske ga rukunin masu bincike daban-daban a fannin kimiyyar kayan aiki, sinadarai, kimiyyar lissafi mai rikitarwa, kimiyyar rayuwa da muhalli, da kuma binciken da aka yi amfani da shi. Waɗannan hasken X sun dace da nazarin kayan aiki da tsarin halittu; rarraba abubuwa; yanayin sinadarai, maganadisu da na lantarki; da kuma tsarin injiniya mai mahimmanci a fasaha, daga batura zuwa bututun allura, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga ci gaban tattalin arziki, fasaha da tattalin arziki na ƙasarmu. da kuma tushen walwalar kayan aiki. Kowace shekara, masu bincike sama da 5,000 suna amfani da APS don samar da littattafai sama da 2,000, suna ba da cikakkun bayanai game da muhimman abubuwan da aka gano da kuma magance mahimman tsarin furotin na halittu fiye da kowane mai amfani da wuraren binciken X-ray. Sabbin fasahohin kimiyya da injiniyoyi na APS suna da tasiri ga ci gaban masu hanzartawa da tushen haske. Waɗannan sun haɗa da na'urorin shigarwa waɗanda ke samar da hasken X-ray mai haske da masu bincike suka yaba, ruwan tabarau waɗanda ke mayar da hankali kan hasken X zuwa 'yan nanometers, kayan aikin da ke haɓaka hulɗar hasken X tare da samfurin da ake nazari a kai, da na'urorin da ke tattarawa da haɗa software na X-ray. Sarrafa adadi mai yawa na bayanai daga nazarin APS.
Wannan binciken ya yi amfani da albarkatu daga Advanced Photon Source, wani cibiyar masu amfani da Ofishin Kimiyya na DOE wanda Ofishin Kimiyya na Argonne National Laboratory ke kula da shi a ƙarƙashin Kwantiragi mai lamba DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa na Argonne ya himmatu wajen magance matsalolin kimiyya da fasaha na ƙasa. Dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa na Argonne, dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa na farko a Amurka, yana gudanar da bincike na kimiyya na asali da na amfani a kusan kowace fanni na kimiyya. Masu binciken Dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa na Argonne suna aiki tare da masu bincike daga ɗaruruwan kamfanoni, jami'o'i, da hukumomin tarayya, jihohi da na birni don taimaka musu wajen magance takamaiman matsaloli, haɓaka jagorancin kimiyya na Amurka, da kuma gina kyakkyawar makoma ga ƙasar. Argonne yana da ma'aikata daga ƙasashe sama da 60 kuma Argonne LLC a Chicago ne ke kula da shi, wani ɓangare na Ofishin Kimiyya na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka.
Ofishin Kimiyya na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka shine babban mai ba da kuɗaɗen gudanar da bincike kan kimiyyar zahiri a Amurka kuma yana aiki don magance wasu ƙalubale mafi mahimmanci a zamaninmu. Don ƙarin bayani, ziyarci https://energygy.gov/science.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-06-2023