A bisa ga al'adomi, masu ilimi sun koyar da jarrabawar jiki (pe) zuwa ga sababbin shiga na likita (duk da kalubale tare da kalubale da farashi, da kalubale tare da daidaitattun dabaru.
Muna ba da shawarar ƙirar da ke amfani da daidaitattun ƙungiyoyin masu haƙuri (Spis) da ɗaliban likitocin likitanci na Hudu (MS4s) don koyar da al'adun ilimi na jiki, suna ɗaukar cikakken amfani da ɗaliban da ke da juna.
Binciken pre-sabis, Ms4 da Studentsaliban Spi sun bayyana ingantattun tsinkaye na shirin, tare da Daliban MS4 sun ba da rahoton mahimmancin cigaba a cikin asalinsu na kwararru masu ilimi. Ayyukan ɗalibai na riga suna yin gwajin ƙwarewar binciken asibitoci sun yi daidai ko fiye da aikin da suka riga suka yi.
Kungiyar SPI-MS4 za ta iya ba da koyar da novice ɗalibai da na inji da asibiti na jarrabawar jiki na novice.
New studentsaliban likitanci (ɗalibai waɗanda likitocin suka riga suka koya) suna koyon ainihin jarrabawar jiki (pe) a farkon makarantar likita. Gudanar da al'adun ilimi na jiki don ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. A bisa ga al'ada, da amfani da malamai suma suna da rashin daidaituwa, wato: 1) suna da tsada; 3) Suna da wuya su daukar ma'aikata; 4) Suna da wuya su daidaita; 5) Nu'ulu'u na iya tashi; Kurakurai da aka rasa da bayyane kurakurai [1, 2] 6) bazai saba da hanyoyin koyar da shaida na musamman [3] 7) na iya jin cewa iyawar ilimi ta jiki ba su isa [4];
An inganta samfuran horarwa na motsa jiki na motsa jiki [5], manyan ɗaliban likitanci ko mazauna [6, 7], kuma suna sa mutane [8] a matsayin masu koyarwa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duk waɗannan samfuran suna da alaƙa da aikin ɗalibi a cikin darussan ilimin ilimin jiki ba ya raguwa saboda wariya malami [5, 7]. Koyaya, masu ilmantarwa basu da gogewa a cikin yanayin asibiti [9], wanda yake da mahimmanci ga ɗaliban ɗalibai su iya amfani da bayanan ɗan wasan motsa jiki don gwajin maganganu na gwaji. Don magance buƙatar daidaitawa da mahallin asibiti a cikin koyarwar ilimi ta jiki, gungun malamai sun kara da ayyukan bincike game da koyarwar sa na yau [10]. A Jami'ar George Washington (GWU), muna magance wannan batun ta hanyar kwatancen daidaitattun kungiyoyin masu karatu (MS4s). (Hoto na 1) SPI an haɗu da MS4 don koyar da pe zuwa masu horarwa. SPI yana ba da ƙwarewa a cikin injin na MS4 na jarrabawa a cikin yanayin asibiti. Wannan ƙirar tana amfani da koyo hadin gwiwa, wanda shine kayan aiki mai ƙarfi [11]. Saboda SP ake amfani da shi a kusan dukkan makarantu na likitancin Amurka da makarantun duniya [12, 13] Makarantun likitocin da yawa, wannan samfurin yana da yuwuwar tasirin aikace-aikace. Dalilin wannan labarin shine bayyana wannan samfurin horo na Ms4 na musamman (Hoto na 1).
Brief bayanin hadin gwiwar MS4-SPI na Kwarewar SPI. Ms4: Stoprian Nazarin Yarda da Kiwon Jigo
Gwajin da ake buƙata na jiki (PDX) a Gwu ɗaya ne na ƙwarewar ilimin asibiti na pre-magunguna a cikin magani. Sauran kayan haɗin: 1) hadewar asibiti (zaman rukuni dangane da tsarin jam'iyyar PBL); 2) Tattaunawa; 3) Hanyar motsa jiki; 4) Horar asibiti (aikace-aikacen ƙwarewar asibiti ta aikata likitoci); 5) Koyarwa don ci gaban kwararru; PDX yana aiki a cikin rukuni na masu horarwa 4-5 da ke aiki akan ƙungiyar Spci-Ms4, saduwa sau 6 a shekara don 3 hours kowane. Girman aji shine kusan ɗalibai 180, kuma kowace shekara tsakanin 60 da 90 MS4 an zaɓi ɗaliban ɗalibai 90 da 90 a matsayin malamai don darussan PDX.
Ms4s karbar horarwar malami ta hanyar tattaunawarmu (koyar da ilimi) zaben malami, wanda ya hada da bitar kan ka'idojin koyo, koyarwar koyarwa, kuma samar da ra'ayi [14]. Spis sha wani babban koyar da koyar da horo na tsaye ta hanyar aji na Cibiyar Kula da Cibiyarmu na Simulation na Cibiyarmu (JO). STORS ne ya tsundunan da ke kusa da jagororin da suka kirkira wanda ya hada da ka'idodi na koyo, salon koyo, da jagoranci kungiyar. Musamman, horarwar Spi da daidaitaccen na faruwa ne a cikin matakai da yawa, farawa a lokacin rani da ci gaba a cikin makarantar. Darasi sun haɗa da yadda ake koyarwa, sadarwa da gudanar da darasi; yadda darasi ya yi daidai zuwa sauran hanya; yadda za a samar da amsa; Yadda ake gudanar da aikin motsa jiki da koya musu ga ɗalibai. Don tantance cancanta ga shirin, Spis dole ne ya wuce gwajin wurin da memba na Sport ke gudanarwa.
Ms4 da Spi kuma sun shiga bita na rukuni biyu tare don bayyana matsayin da suka dace da aiwatar da tsarin karatun da kuma aiwatar da daliban da suka kawo horo na aikawa. Tsarin aikin bitar shi ne samfurin Grpi (burin, matsayin da ke da ƙungiyoyi) don koyar da ilimin koyo (ƙarin) [15, 16]. Aiki tare a matsayin abokan aiki da suka dace da ka'idojin koyaswa da ƙwarewa: An kirkiro ilmantarwa a cikin musayar zamantakewa tsakanin membobin ƙungiyar [17].
An tsara tsarin kula da PDX a kusa da Core da gungu (C + C) don dalilan da aka yi a cikin watanni 18, tare da tsarin karatun gungu sun mayar da hankali ga gabatarwar haƙuri na haƙuri. Daliban za su fara yin nazarin farkon bangaren C + c, jarrabawar motocin motsa jiki 40 da ke rufe manyan tsarin sashin. Jaridar kwaskwarima mai sauƙaƙewa ce mai sauƙin bincike wanda ba shi da karfin haraji fiye da na gwajin gargajiya na gargajiya. Jaridun Core suna da kyau don shirya ɗalibai don ƙwarewar asibiti kuma yawancin makarantu da yawa. Studentsalibai suna matsa zuwa bangarorin biyu na C + C, gurbi na tantancewa, wanda shine rukuni na Hypothen-Hypothen-Hypothen-Tripten-Hypoten Hypication na Castical da aka tsara don haɓaka ƙwarewar asibiti. Ciwon kirji alama ce ta irin wannan bayyanuwar asibiti (Tebur 1). Gungu ya fitar da ayyukan farko daga jarrabawar farko (misali, adalitawar auscultation) kuma ƙara ƙarin damar bincike (misali ayyukan musamman da ke taimaka wa ƙarin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin matsayi na gaba ɗaya). C + C an koyar da shi akan wani watanni 18 da kuma tsarin karatun yana ci gaba, tare da daliban da suka fara horarwa a cikin kusan matakai 40 masu niyya, kowannensu yana nuna aikin asibiti wanda ke wakiltar tsarin ilimin asibiti. Kwarewar ɗalibin (misali, ciwon kirji da gajiyawar numfashi a lokacin cardioresta karo) (Tebur 2).
A shirye-shiryen PDX, ɗaliban da aka riga aka yanke shawara suna koyon ladabi na bincike (Hoto na 2) da horarwa ta jiki a cikin manzon PDX, da kuma bidiyon bincike na zahiri. Jimlar da ake buƙata ga ɗalibai don shirya don hanya kusan minti 60-90. Ya hada da karanta fakiti fakiti (shafuka 12), karanta Bates sura ta bate (~ shafi 20), da kallon bidiyo (minti 2-6). Ms4-Spi kungiyar tayi tambayoyi a cikin daidaitaccen tsari ta amfani da tsarin da aka ayyana a cikin littafin (tebur 1). Sun fara daukar gwajin baka (galibi tambayoyi guda 5-7) akan ilimin farko (misali, menene tushen kwakwalwa da mahimmancin S3? Wane irin cuta ke tallafawa kasancewarsa cikin marasa lafiya da ƙarancin numfashi?). Daga nan sai suka bita da ladabi da ladabi da shakkar ɗalibai suna shiga horo na kammala karatunsu. Ragowar hanya ita ce darasi na ƙarshe. Da farko, ɗalibai suna shirin aiwatar da ayyukan motsa jiki game da juna da kuma kan Spi kuma suna ba da ra'ayi ga ƙungiyar. A ƙarshe, SPI ya gabatar da su da wani al'amari na karatu akan "ƙaramin tsari na tsari." Daliban sun yi aiki a cikin nau'i-nau'i don karanta labarin kuma suna yin abubuwan ban sani game da ayyukan nuna bambanci da aka yi akan SPI. Bayan haka, dangane da sakamakon ilimin kimiyyar kimiyyar lissafi, daliban da suka kammala karatun digiri sun gabatar da maganganu da kuma gabatar da cutar da mafi kyawu. Bayan hanya, ƙungiyar Spi-Ms4 ta tantance kowane ɗalibi sannan kuma gudanar da kimantawa da wuraren da aka gano don haɓaka horo na gaba (Table 1). Feedback babban abu ne na hanya. Spi da MS4 suna ba da labari mai ban sha'awa yayin kowane zaman: 1) Yayinda ɗalibai suke yin aiki akan makanikai da MS4 suna mai da hankali kan dalilai na asibiti; Spi da MS4 kuma suna ba da cikakken bayani game da rubuce-rubucen a ƙarshen kowane semester. An shigar da wannan ra'ayi na yau da kullun cikin tsarin sarrafa ilimin Amurka na kan layi a ƙarshen kowane semester kuma yana shafar aji na ƙarshe.
Daliban suna shirye-shiryen yin horo sun raba tunaninsu game da kwarewar binciken jami'ar George Washington Jami'ar George Washington Sashen Kimiyya da Binciken ilimi. Kashi casa'in da bakwai na daliban digiri na musamman sun amince ko sun yarda cewa hanyar bincike ta zahiri ta kasance mai mahimmanci kuma a haɗa da maganganu masu bayyanawa:
"Na yi imani cewa darussan bincike na zahiri sune mafi kyawun ilimin likita; Misali, lokacin da kake koyarwa daga hangen nesan shekaru na hudu da haƙuri, kayan sun dace kuma abin da ake yi a aji.
"Spi yana ba da kyakkyawar shawara game da hanyoyi masu amfani don aiwatar da matakai kuma yana ba da kyakkyawan shawara game da nion da marasa lafiya."
"SPI da MS4 suna aiki tare kuma tare da samar da sabon hangen nesa game da koyarwar da ke da matukar muhimmanci. Ms4 yana ba da haske game da manufofin koyarwa a aikin asibiti.
"Ina so mu hadu sosai. Wannan wani ɓangaren da na fi so ne na aikin likita na hakika kuma ina jin kamar ta ƙare da sauri. "
A tsakanin masu ba da amsa, 100% na Spi (n = 16%] da MS4 (N = 44% [77%] 91% da 93%, bi da bi, na Spis da MS4s sun ce sun da gogewa a matsayin malami na PDX; kwarewa mai kyau game da aiki tare.
Binciken mu na MS4 game da abin da suka kimanta a cikin abubuwan da suke so yayin da malamai suka haifar da wadannan jigogi: 1) aiwatar da ka'idar koyar da balaguron girma: dalibi da kirkirar yanayi mai aminci. 2) Shirya don koyarwa: Shirya aikace-aikacen Aikace-aikacen Clinical, Tsammani Takaddun Kasuwanci, da yin hadin gwiwa don neman amsoshi; 3) ƙwararru ƙwararru; 4) Mafi girman tsammanin: isa da sassafe kuma bar marigayi; 5) Magana: Ka fifita lokaci guda, mai ma'ana, yana karfafa da kuma cikakken bayani; Bayar da horo tare da shawara kan halaye na karatun, yadda mafi kyau don kammala karatun kimiyyar jiki, da kuma shawarar aiki.
Taliban harsashin sun shiga cikin jarrabawa na karshe na karshe a ƙarshen farkon lokacin bazara. Don kimanta tasirin shirinmu, mun kwatanta aikin da ketra a cikin aikin kimiyyar lissafi kafin kuma bayan ƙaddamar da shirin a cikin 2010. Kafin 2010, malamai na likitocin a 2010. Bayan ban da shekara ta 2010, za mu kwatanta mana OSce Spring Alamomin don Ilimin Jiki na 2007-2009 tare da alamomi na 2011-2014. Yawan daliban suna halartar OSTA sun shiga daga 170 zuwa 185 a kowace shekara: Dalibai 532 a cikin rukunin farko da suka gabata da ɗalibai 714 a cikin rukuni na bayan gida.
Ana taƙaita sakamakon OSCE daga 2007-2009 da 2011-2014 ana sanye da jarrabawar bazara na shekara-shekara, da girman girman samfurin shekara-shekara. Yi amfani da samfurori 2 don kwatanta tarawar GPA na kowace shekara ta lokacin da ya gabata tare da tarin ƙwayar cuta na ƙarshe ta amfani da T-gwajin. GW Irb ya nuna wannan binciken da kuma samun yarda da dalibi don amfani da bayanan su na ilimi don nazarin.
Ma'ana na nufin jiki na jiki ya karu sosai daga 83.4 (SD = 7.3, n = 532, N = 532 (SD = 8.6, n = 7, 55% ci: 5.6 zuwa 7.4; P <0.0001) (Table 3). Koyaya, tun lokacin da miƙa mulki daga koyarwa ga ma'aikatan koyarwa da ba koyarwar da ba za a iya gano su ba.
Tsarin koyarwa na SPI-MS4 shine ingantacciyar hanya don koyar da ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin likita ga ɗaliban likitocin likita su shirya su don bayyanar asibiti. Wannan yana samar da ingantaccen madadin ta hanyar rikitar da shingen da ke da alaƙa da halartar malami. Hakanan yana samar da ƙimar ƙara darajar koyarwa da ɗaliban koyarwa: Dukkansu suna amfana daga koyo tare. Fa'idodi sun haɗa ɗalibai kafin yin aiki zuwa ra'ayoyi daban-daban da abin koyi don hadin gwiwar [23]. A madadin hangen nesa da ke cikin koyon hadin gwiwar mahalicci [10] wanda wadannan ɗalibai suka sami ilimi daga tushen Dual: 2) Dalilin Dalilin Gina. Ms4s kuma suna amfana da koyo na hadin kai, shirya su don aikin hadin kai nan gaba tare da ƙwararrun masana kiwon lafiya.
Kwamfutarmu ta hada da fa'idodin koyo [24]. Studentsaliban da suka fara amfani da su daga daidaito, ingantacciyar yanayi mai aminci, MS4 Invisting da kuma rawar da suka yi, da kuma wasu halayyarsu na farko da kuma wasu; Sun kuma nuna ci gaban su ta hanyar koyar da samari da kuma amfani da damar da ke jagorancin damar yin tasowa da kuma inganta koyarwar koyarwar su da kuma jarrabawar bincike. Bugu da kari, kwarewar koyarwarsu tana shirya su su zama masu ilimi ta hanyar horar da su don amfani da hanyoyin koyar da shaida.
Darussan da aka koya yayin aiwatar da wannan samfurin. Da farko, yana da muhimmanci a gane hadaddun dangantakar da ke tsakanin MS4 da Spi, kamar yadda wasu dyad suka rasa ingantacciyar fahimta game da yadda yakamata suyi aiki tare. A bayyane yake, da aka tsara jagora da kuma bita na rukuni yadda ya magance waɗannan batutuwan. Na biyu, dole ne a samar da cikakken horo don inganta ayyukan kungiya. Yayin da ake horar da mudu biyu na masu koyarwa don koyarwa, SPI kuma yana buƙatar horar da ƙwarewar jarrabawar da Ms4 ta riga ta kware. Na uku, ana bukatar shiri da hankali don ɗaukar jadawalin MS4 kuma tabbatar da cewa kungiyar gaba daya tana nan ga zaman kimantawa ta zahiri. Na hudu, ana sa ran wasu shirye-shirye don fuskantar wasu juriya daga fanni da gudanarwa, tare da manyan muhawara a madadin da tsada;
A takaice, samfurin mai koyar da tsarin koyarwa na kwayar cuta ta musamman ta hanyar da ɗaliban likitanci za su iya samun nasarar koyon ƙwarewar marasa amfani a cikin horar da marasa amfani a hankali. Tun kusan duk makarantun likitocin a Amurka da makarantun ƙasashen waje da yawa suna amfani da SP, da yawancin makarantun likitocin suna da shirye-shiryen ɗalibai, wannan ƙirar tana da damar haɓaka aikace-aikace.
An samo bayanan wannan binciken ne daga Dr. Benjamin Blatt, MD, darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Gwu. Duk bayananmu da aka gabatar a cikin binciken.
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Lokaci: Mayu-11-2024