Matakan koyar da lafiya ta hannu-kawai CPR

daya Tabbatar ko mai ceto ya rasa sani, bugun zuciya da kuma dakatarwar numfashi. Yana da alaƙa da faɗaɗɗen ɗalibai da kuma rashin hasken haske. Ba za a iya taɓa jijiyar femoral da jijiyar carotid ta hanyar bugun zuciya ba. Sautin zuciya ya ɓace; Cyanosis (Hoto na 1).

2. Matsayi: Sanya mai ceto a kan ƙasa mai faɗi ko kuma sanya allo mai tauri a bayansa (Hoto na 2).

3. A kiyaye hanyar numfashi ba tare da toshewa ba: Da farko a duba hanyar numfashi (Hoto na 3), a cire fitar da abubuwan da ke fita daga hanci, amai da kuma wasu sassan jiki daga hanci. Idan akwai haƙoran roba, ya kamata a cire su. Don buɗe hanyar numfashi, a sanya hannu ɗaya a goshi don a karkatar da kai baya, sannan a sanya yatsun hannun hagu da na tsakiya na ɗayan hannun a kan madaurin da ke kusa da haƙo (muƙamuƙi) don ɗaga haƙori gaba da ja wuya (Hoto na 4).

Siffa ta 1 Kimanta sanin majiyyaci

Siffa ta 2 Nemi taimako ka kuma daidaita kanka

Hoto na 3: Binciken numfashin majiyyaci

4. Numfashi na wucin gadi da matse ƙirji

(1) Numfashi na wucin gadi: ana iya amfani da numfashi daga baki zuwa baki, numfashi daga baki zuwa hanci, da kuma numfashi daga baki zuwa hanci (jarirai). An yi wannan aikin ne yayin da ake kula da hanyoyin iska kuma an duba jijiyoyin carotid don ganin bugun jini (Hoto na 5). Mai aikin yana danna goshin majiyyaci da hannunsa na hagu sannan ya matse ƙarshen hancin da babban yatsansa da yatsansa. Da yatsun hannun hagu da na tsakiya na ɗayan hannun, ɗaga ƙasan muƙamuƙin majiyyaci, yi numfashi mai zurfi, buɗe baki don rufe bakin majiyyaci gaba ɗaya, sannan a hura iska mai zurfi da sauri zuwa bakin majiyyaci, har sai an ɗaga ƙirjin majiyyaci. A lokaci guda, bakin majiyyaci ya kamata ya kasance a buɗe, kuma hannun da ke matse hancin ya kamata ya sassauta, don majiyyaci ya sami damar fitar da iska daga hanci, ya lura da murmurewar ƙirjin majiyyaci, kuma a sami iska ta fita daga jikin majiyyaci. Yawan busawa sau 12-20 a minti daya, amma ya kamata ya yi daidai da matsewar zuciya (Hoto na 6). A aikin tiyatar mutum ɗaya, an yi matsewar zuciya sau 15 da bugun iska sau 2 (15:2). Ya kamata a dakatar da matsewar ƙirji yayin hura iska, domin yawan hura iska na iya haifar da fashewar alveolar.

Hoto na 4 Kula da yanayin iskar numfashi

Hoto na 5: Binciken bugun zuciya na carotid

Hoto na 6 Yin numfashi ta wucin gadi

(2) Matsewar zuciya ta waje a ƙirji: yi matsewar zuciya ta wucin gadi yayin da ake numfashi ta wucin gadi.

(i) Wurin matsewa yana a mahadar saman 2/3 da ƙasa 1/3 na sternum, ko kuma 4 zuwa 5 cm sama da tsarin xiphoid (Hoto na 7).

Hoto na 7: Tantance matsayin da ya dace na latsawa

(ii) Hanyar matsewa: tushen tafin hannun mai ceto an sanya shi a wurin matsewa, sannan ɗayan tafin hannun ya sanya a bayan hannun. Hannuwa biyu suna layi ɗaya suna haɗuwa kuma an haɗa yatsun tare don ɗaga yatsun daga bangon ƙirji; Ya kamata a miƙe hannayen mai ceto a miƙe, tsakiyar kafadu biyu ya kamata su kasance daidai da wurin matsewa, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da nauyin jiki na sama da ƙarfin tsoka na kafadu da hannaye don matsewa ƙasa a tsaye, don ƙirjin ya yi tsalle daga 4 zuwa 5 cm (shekaru 5 zuwa 13 3 cm, jariri 2 cm); Ya kamata a yi matsewa cikin sauƙi kuma akai-akai ba tare da katsewa ba; Rabon lokaci na matsi zuwa ƙasa da shakatawa sama shine 1:1. Danna zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci wuri, ya kamata a sami ɗan dakata a bayyane, ba zai iya shafar nau'in matsewa ko tsalle ba; Lokacin shakatawa, tushen tafin bai kamata ya bar wurin matsewa na ƙashin baya ba, amma ya kamata ya kasance mai sassautawa gwargwadon iko, don kada ƙirjin ya kasance ƙarƙashin wani matsin lamba; An fi son a yi amfani da ƙarfin matsi na 100 (Hoto na 8 da 9). A lokaci guda da ake matsa ƙirji, ya kamata a yi numfashin wucin gadi, amma kada a katse farfaɗowar zuciya akai-akai domin a lura da bugun zuciya da bugun zuciya, kuma sauran lokacin matsi bai kamata ya wuce daƙiƙa 10 ba, don kada a yi tasiri ga nasarar farfaɗowar jiki.

Hoto na 8 Yin matse ƙirji

Hoto na 9 Daidaitaccen yanayin da ake ciki don matsewar zuciya ta waje

(3) Manyan alamomin matsi masu tasiri: ① taɓa bugun jijiyoyin jini yayin matsi, matsin lamba na systolic na jijiyar brachial > 60 mmHg; ② Launin fuskar majiyyaci, lebe, farce da fatarsa ​​ya sake zama ja. ③ Ƙwararren da ya faɗaɗa ya sake raguwa. ④ Ana iya jin sautin numfashin alveolar ko numfashin da ba zato ba tsammani yayin hura iska, kuma numfashin ya inganta. ⑤ Hankali ya dawo a hankali, suma ta yi ƙasa, reflex da gwagwarmaya na iya faruwa. ⑥ Ƙara yawan fitar fitsari.