Ana samun karuwar buƙatar ilmantarwa na ɗalibi (SCL) a manyan makarantun ilimi, gami da likitan hakora.Koyaya, SCL yana da ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikace a cikin ilimin haƙori.Don haka, wannan binciken yana da nufin haɓaka aikace-aikacen SCL a cikin likitan hakora ta amfani da fasahar koyon injin bishiyar yanke shawara (ML) don taswirar salon koyo da aka fi so (LS) da dabarun koyo daidai (IS) na ɗaliban hakori azaman kayan aiki mai amfani don haɓaka jagororin IS. .Hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa ga ɗaliban hakori.
Daliban likitan hakori 255 daga Jami'ar Malaya sun kammala gyaran Tambayoyin Tambayoyi na Index of Learning Styles (m-ILS), wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa 44 don rarraba su cikin LSs daban-daban.Ana amfani da bayanan da aka tattara (wanda ake kira dasetset) a cikin nazarin bishiyar yanke shawara don dacewa da salon koyo na ɗalibai kai tsaye zuwa IS mafi dacewa.Sa'an nan kuma ana kimanta daidaiton kayan aikin shawarwarin IS na ilmantarwa.
Aiwatar da ƙirar bishiyar yanke shawara a cikin tsarin taswira mai sarrafa kansa tsakanin LS (shigarwa) da IS (fitarwa na manufa) yana ba da damar jerin dabarun koyo nan da nan ga kowane ɗalibin hakori.Kayan aikin shawarwarin IS ya nuna cikakkiyar daidaito da kuma tuno da daidaiton samfurin gabaɗaya, yana nuna cewa daidaita LS zuwa IS yana da kyakkyawar azanci da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Kayan aikin shawarwarin IS bisa itacen yanke shawara na ML ya tabbatar da ikonsa na daidaita tsarin koyo na ɗaliban hakori tare da dabarun koyo masu dacewa.Wannan kayan aikin yana ba da zaɓuɓɓuka masu ƙarfi don tsara kwasa-kwasan da ke kan ɗalibi ko tsarin da zai iya haɓaka ƙwarewar koyo na ɗalibai.
Koyarwa da koyo muhimman ayyuka ne a cibiyoyin ilimi.Lokacin haɓaka tsarin ilimin sana'a mai inganci, yana da mahimmanci a mai da hankali kan buƙatun koyo na ɗalibai.Ana iya ƙayyade hulɗar tsakanin ɗalibai da yanayin koyo ta hanyar LS.Bincike ya nuna rashin daidaituwa tsakanin malamai na LS da IS na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako ga koyo na ɗalibi, kamar rage hankali da kuzari.Wannan zai shafi aikin ɗalibi a kaikaice [1,2].
IS wata hanya ce da malamai ke amfani da ita don koyar da ilimi da ƙwarewa ga ɗalibai, gami da taimaka wa ɗalibai su koyi [3].Gabaɗaya magana, ƙwararrun malamai suna tsara dabarun koyarwa ko IS waɗanda suka fi dacewa da matakin ilimin ɗalibansu, tunanin da suke koyo, da matakin koyo.A ka'ida, lokacin da LS da IS suka dace, ɗalibai za su iya tsarawa da amfani da takamaiman saitin ƙwarewa don koyo yadda ya kamata.Yawanci, shirin darasi ya ƙunshi sauye-sauye da yawa tsakanin matakai, kamar daga koyarwa zuwa aikin shiryarwa ko daga aiwatar da shiriya zuwa aiki mai zaman kansa.Tare da wannan a zuciya, ƙwararrun malamai sukan tsara koyarwa tare da manufar gina ilimin ɗalibai da ƙwarewa [4].
Bukatar SCL tana karuwa a manyan makarantun ilimi, gami da likitan hakora.An tsara dabarun SCL don biyan bukatun ilmantarwa na ɗalibai.Ana iya samun wannan, alal misali, idan ɗalibai suna shiga cikin ayyukan koyo kuma malamai suna aiki a matsayin masu gudanarwa kuma suna da alhakin ba da amsa mai mahimmanci.An ce samar da kayan koyo da ayyukan da suka dace da matakin ilimi ko abubuwan da dalibai ke so na iya inganta yanayin koyo da kuma inganta kwarewar koyo mai kyau [5].
Gabaɗaya magana, tsarin ilmantarwa na ɗaliban hakori yana tasiri ta hanyoyi daban-daban na asibiti da ake buƙatar yin da kuma yanayin asibiti wanda suke haɓaka ƙwarewar hulɗar juna.Manufar horarwar ita ce baiwa ɗalibai damar haɗa ainihin ilimin likitan hakora tare da ƙwarewar likitan haƙori da amfani da ilimin da aka samu zuwa sabbin yanayin asibiti [6, 7].Binciken farko game da dangantakar dake tsakanin LS da IS ya gano cewa daidaita dabarun koyo da aka tsara zuwa LS da aka fi so zai taimaka inganta tsarin ilimi [8].Har ila yau, marubutan sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na koyarwa da tantancewa don dacewa da koyo da bukatun ɗalibai.
Malamai suna amfana daga yin amfani da ilimin LS don taimaka musu ƙira, haɓakawa, da aiwatar da koyarwar da za su haɓaka ƙwarewar ɗalibai na zurfafa ilimi da fahimtar batun.Masu bincike sun haɓaka kayan aikin tantancewa na LS da yawa, kamar Kolb Experiential Learning Model, Felder-Silverman Learning Style Model (FSSLM), da Fleming VAK/VARK Model [5, 9, 10].Bisa ga wallafe-wallafen, waɗannan nau'o'in ilmantarwa sune mafi yawan amfani da su kuma mafi yawan nazarin ilmantarwa.A cikin aikin bincike na yanzu, ana amfani da FSLSM don tantance LS tsakanin ɗaliban hakori.
FSLSM samfuri ne da ake amfani da shi sosai don kimanta koyo na daidaitawa a aikin injiniya.Akwai ayyuka da yawa da aka buga a cikin ilimin kimiyyar lafiya (ciki har da magani, jinya, kantin magani da likitan hakora) waɗanda za'a iya samun su ta amfani da samfuran FSLSM [5, 11, 12, 13].Kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da shi don auna ma'auni na LS a cikin FLSM ana kiransa Index of Learning Styles (ILS) [8], wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa 44 da ke tantance ma'auni hudu na LS: sarrafawa (aiki / mai nunawa), fahimta (hankali / fahimta), shigarwa (na gani)./na magana) da fahimta (jeri/na duniya) [14].
Kamar yadda aka nuna a Figure 1, kowane girman FSLSM yana da fifikon fifiko.Misali, a cikin girman sarrafawa, ɗalibai masu “aiki” LS sun fi son aiwatar da bayanai ta hanyar yin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da kayan koyo, koyo ta yin, kuma suna son koyo a rukuni.LS "mai tunani" yana nufin koyo ta hanyar tunani kuma ya fi son yin aiki shi kaɗai.Ana iya raba girman "hankali" na LS zuwa "ji" da / ko "hankali."Ɗaliban "ji" sun fi son ƙarin bayani mai mahimmanci da matakai masu amfani, sun dace da gaskiya idan aka kwatanta da "daliban da suka fi dacewa" waɗanda suka fi son kayan da ba za a iya gani ba kuma sun fi ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa a cikin yanayi.Girman "shigarwa" na LS ya ƙunshi xaliban "gani" da "baƙi".Mutanen da ke da "gani" LS sun fi son koyo ta hanyar nunin gani (kamar zane-zane, bidiyo, ko nunin raye-raye), yayin da mutanen da ke da LS "na magana" sun fi son koyo ta kalmomi a rubuce ko bayanin baki.Don "fahimtar" ma'aunin LS, ana iya raba irin waɗannan ɗaliban zuwa "jeri" da "duniya".“Masu koyo na jere sun gwammace tsarin tunani na madaidaiciya kuma su koyi mataki-mataki, yayin da masu koyo na duniya sukan kasance suna da cikakken tsarin tunani kuma koyaushe suna da kyakkyawar fahimtar abin da suke koyo.
Kwanan nan, masu bincike da yawa sun fara bincika hanyoyin don ganowa ta atomatik ta hanyar gano bayanai, gami da haɓaka sabbin algorithms da samfura waɗanda ke iya fassara manyan bayanai [15, 16].Dangane da bayanan da aka bayar, ML mai kulawa (koyon injin) yana iya samar da alamu da hasashe waɗanda ke hasashen sakamako na gaba dangane da ginin algorithms [17].A taƙaice, dabarun koyan injuna da ake kulawa suna sarrafa bayanan shigarwa da kuma horo algorithms.Sannan yana haifar da kewayon da ke rarrabuwa ko hasashen sakamako dangane da yanayi iri ɗaya don bayanan shigar da aka bayar.Babban fa'idar algorithms koyan injin da ake kulawa shine ikonsa na kafa kyakkyawan sakamako da sakamakon da ake so [17].
Ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin sarrafa bayanai da ƙirar sarrafa bishiyar yanke shawara, gano LS ta atomatik yana yiwuwa.An ba da rahoton cewa ana amfani da bishiyar yanke shawara sosai a cikin shirye-shiryen horo a fannoni daban-daban, gami da kimiyyar lafiya [18, 19].A cikin wannan binciken, masu haɓaka tsarin sun horar da ƙirar musamman don gano LS ɗalibai da ba da shawarar mafi kyawun IS a gare su.
Manufar wannan binciken shine don haɓaka dabarun isar da IS bisa ga LS na ɗalibai da kuma amfani da tsarin SCL ta haɓaka kayan aikin shawarwarin IS da aka tsara zuwa LS.An nuna ƙirar ƙirar kayan aikin shawarwarin IS azaman dabarun hanyar SCL a cikin Hoto 1. An rarraba kayan aikin shawarwarin IS zuwa sassa biyu, gami da tsarin rarraba LS ta amfani da ILS da mafi dacewa IS nuni ga ɗalibai.
Musamman, halayen kayan aikin ba da shawarwarin tsaro sun haɗa da amfani da fasahar yanar gizo da kuma yin amfani da na'ura mai yanke shawara.Masu haɓaka tsarin suna haɓaka ƙwarewar mai amfani da motsi ta hanyar daidaita su zuwa na'urorin hannu kamar wayoyin hannu da Allunan.
An gudanar da gwajin ne a matakai biyu kuma dalibai daga tsangayar ilimin hakora a jami'ar Malaya sun shiga bisa son rai.Mahalarta sun amsa m-ILS ta kan layi na ɗalibin haƙori a cikin Turanci.A cikin matakin farko, an yi amfani da kundin bayanai na ɗalibai 50 don horar da tsarin koyan injin bishiyar yanke shawara.A cikin kashi na biyu na tsarin ci gaba, an yi amfani da bayanan ɗalibai 255 don inganta daidaiton kayan aikin da aka haɓaka.
Duk mahalarta suna karɓar taƙaitaccen bayanin kan layi a farkon kowane mataki, dangane da shekarar ilimi, ta Ƙungiyoyin Microsoft.An bayyana makasudin binciken kuma an sami izini na sanarwa.Duk mahalarta an ba su hanyar haɗi don samun damar m-ILS.An umurci kowane dalibi ya amsa dukkan abubuwa 44 da ke cikin takardar.An ba su mako guda don kammala ILS da aka gyara a lokaci da wurin da ya dace da su yayin hutun semester kafin a fara semester.M-ILS ya dogara ne akan ainihin kayan aikin ILS kuma an gyara shi don ɗaliban hakori.Kama da ainihin ILS, yana ƙunshe da abubuwa 44 daidai da rarraba (a, b), tare da abubuwa 11 kowannensu, waɗanda ake amfani da su don tantance ɓangarori na kowane girman FSLSM.
A lokacin farkon matakan haɓaka kayan aiki, masu binciken sun ba da bayanin taswira da hannu ta hanyar amfani da bayanan ɗaliban hakori 50.A cewar FSLM, tsarin yana ba da jimlar amsoshi "a" da "b".Ga kowane nau'i, idan ɗalibin ya zaɓi "a" a matsayin amsa, an rarraba LS a matsayin Active/Perceptual/Visual/Sequential, kuma idan ɗalibin ya zaɓi "b" a matsayin amsa, an rarraba ɗalibin a matsayin Reflective/Intuitive/Linguistic. ./masanin duniya.
Bayan calibrating da aiki tsakanin masu binciken ilimin hakori da masu haɓaka tsarin, an zaɓi tambayoyi bisa ga yankin FLSSM kuma an ciyar da su cikin ƙirar ML don tsinkayar LS kowane ɗalibi."Sharar cikin, datti" sanannen magana ne a fagen koyon injin, tare da mai da hankali kan ingancin bayanai.Ingancin bayanan shigarwa yana ƙayyade daidaito da daidaiton ƙirar koyo na inji.A lokacin aikin injiniyan fasalin, an ƙirƙiri sabon saitin fasalin wanda shine jimlar amsoshi "a" da "b" bisa FLSSM.An bayar da lambobin tantance matsayin magani a cikin Tebu 1.
Yi ƙididdige maki bisa ga amsoshin kuma ƙayyade LS na ɗalibin.Ga kowane ɗalibi, makin yana daga 1 zuwa 11. Maki daga 1 zuwa 3 yana nuna ma'auni na zaɓin koyo a cikin nau'i ɗaya, kuma maki daga 5 zuwa 7 yana nuna matsakaicin fifiko, yana nuna cewa ɗalibai sun fi son yanayi ɗaya koyawa wasu. .Wani bambance-bambancen akan girman iri ɗaya shine maki daga 9 zuwa 11 yana nuna fifiko mai ƙarfi na ƙarshen ɗaya ko ɗayan [8].
Ga kowane nau'i, an haɗa magunguna zuwa "aiki", "mai tunani" da "daidaitacce".Misali, lokacin da ɗalibi ya amsa “a” sau da yawa fiye da “b” akan abin da aka keɓe kuma makinsa/ta ya zarce iyakar 5 don wani abu na musamman wanda ke wakiltar girman LS Processing, shi/ta na cikin “active” LS. yankin..Koyaya, an rarraba ɗalibai a matsayin LS “mai tunani” lokacin da suka zaɓi “b” fiye da “a” a cikin takamaiman tambayoyi 11 (Table 1) kuma sun sami maki sama da 5.A ƙarshe, ɗalibin yana cikin yanayin "ma'auni."Idan maki bai wuce maki 5 ba, to wannan shine "tsari" LS.An sake maimaita tsarin rarrabuwa don sauran ma'auni na LS, wato tsinkaye (aiki / mai tunani), shigarwa (na gani / magana), da fahimta (jeri / duniya).
Samfurin yanke shawara na iya amfani da sassa daban-daban na fasali da ƙa'idodin yanke shawara a matakai daban-daban na tsarin rarrabawa.Ana la'akari da sanannen kayan aikin rarrabawa da tsinkaya.Ana iya wakilta ta ta amfani da tsarin bishiya kamar taswirar ruwa [20], wanda a ciki akwai nodes na ciki da ke wakiltar gwaje-gwaje ta sifa, kowane reshe yana wakiltar sakamakon gwaji, da kowane kumburin ganye (node leaf) mai ɗauke da lakabin aji.
An ƙirƙiri wani tsari mai sauƙi na tushen ƙa'ida don ƙididdigewa ta atomatik da kuma ba da bayanin LS kowane ɗalibi dangane da martanin su.Tsarin doka yana ɗaukar nau'i na bayanin IF, inda "IF" ya bayyana abin da ke haifar da kuma "Sannan" yana ƙayyade aikin da za a yi, misali: "Idan X ya faru, to yi Y" (Liu et al., 2014).Idan saitin bayanan ya nuna alaƙa kuma an horar da ƙirar bishiyar da kyau da kimantawa, wannan hanyar zata iya zama hanya mai inganci don sarrafa tsarin daidaita LS da IS.
A cikin kashi na biyu na ci gaba, an ƙara yawan bayanan zuwa 255 don inganta daidaiton kayan aikin shawarwari.An raba saitin bayanan a cikin rabo na 1:4.An yi amfani da 25% (64) na bayanan bayanan don saitin gwaji, kuma sauran 75% (191) an yi amfani da su azaman tsarin horo (Hoto 2).Saitin bayanan yana buƙatar rarraba don hana samfurin daga horarwa da gwadawa akan saitin bayanai iri ɗaya, wanda zai iya sa ƙirar ta tuna maimakon koyo.An horar da samfurin akan tsarin horo kuma yana kimanta aikinsa akan saitin gwaji-bayanan da samfurin bai taɓa gani ba.
Da zarar an haɓaka kayan aikin IS, aikace-aikacen zai iya rarraba LS dangane da martanin ɗaliban hakori ta hanyar haɗin yanar gizo.An gina tsarin kayan aikin ba da shawarwarin tsaro na tushen bayanai ta amfani da yaren shirye-shiryen Python ta amfani da tsarin Django a matsayin baya.Tebu na 2 ya lissafa ɗakunan karatu da aka yi amfani da su wajen haɓaka wannan tsarin.
Ana ciyar da bayanan bayanan zuwa ƙirar bishiyar yanke shawara don ƙididdigewa da fitar da martanin ɗalibi don rarraba ma'aunin LS na ɗalibi ta atomatik.
Ana amfani da matrix ɗin ruɗani don kimanta daidaiton ƙirar injin koyo algorithm akan saitin bayanai da aka bayar.A lokaci guda, yana kimanta aikin ƙirar ƙira.Yana taƙaita hasashen samfurin kuma yana kwatanta su da ainihin alamun bayanai.Sakamakon kimantawa ya dogara ne akan dabi'u huɗu daban-daban: Gaskiya mai kyau (TP) - samfurin ya annabta daidaitattun nau'i mai kyau, Ƙarya mai kyau (FP) - samfurin ya annabta nau'i mai kyau, amma lakabin gaskiya ya kasance mara kyau, Gaskiya Negative (TN) - samfurin daidai yayi annabci mara kyau, da kuma rashin kuskure (FN) - Samfurin yana annabta mummunan aji, amma lakabin gaskiya yana da kyau.
Ana amfani da waɗannan dabi'un don ƙididdige ma'auni daban-daban na ƙirar aikin scikit-koyi a cikin Python, wato daidaito, daidaito, tunawa, da maki F1.Ga misalai:
Tunawa (ko hankali) yana auna ikon ƙirar don rarraba daidaitaccen LS ɗalibi bayan amsa tambayoyin m-ILS.
Ana kiran ƙayyadaddun ƙima na gaskiya mara kyau.Kamar yadda kuke gani daga wannan dabarar da ke sama, wannan yakamata ya zama rabon ɓangarorin gaskiya (TN) zuwa abubuwan da ba su dace ba (FP).A matsayin wani ɓangare na kayan aikin da aka ba da shawarar don rarraba magungunan ɗalibi, ya kamata ya zama mai iya ganewa daidai.
Bayanan asali na ɗalibai 50 da aka yi amfani da su don horar da ƙirar ML yanke shawara sun nuna ƙarancin daidaito saboda kuskuren ɗan adam a cikin bayanan (Table 3).Bayan ƙirƙirar tsarin tushen ƙa'ida mai sauƙi don ƙididdige maki LS ta atomatik da bayanan ɗalibi, an yi amfani da ƙara yawan adadin bayanai (255) don horarwa da gwada tsarin mai ba da shawara.
A cikin matrix ɗin rikice-rikice masu yawa, abubuwan diagonal suna wakiltar adadin daidaitattun tsinkaya ga kowane nau'in LS (Hoto 4).Yin amfani da ƙirar bishiyar yanke shawara, jimlar samfuran 64 an annabta daidai.Don haka, a cikin wannan binciken, abubuwan da ke cikin diagonal suna nuna sakamakon da ake sa ran, suna nuna cewa samfurin yana aiki da kyau kuma yana tsinkayar lakabin aji don kowane rarrabuwa na LS.Don haka, cikakkiyar daidaiton kayan aikin shawarwarin shine 100%.
Ana nuna ƙimar daidaito, daidaito, tunawa, da maki F1 a cikin Hoto 5. Don tsarin shawarwarin ta amfani da ƙirar bishiyar yanke shawara, ƙimar F1 ta 1.0 "cikakke," yana nuna cikakkiyar daidaito da tunawa, yana nuna mahimmancin hankali da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. dabi'u.
Hoto na 6 yana nuna hangen nesa na ƙirar bishiyar yanke shawara bayan an gama horo da gwaji.A cikin kwatancen gefe-da-gefe, ƙirar bishiyar yanke shawara da aka horar da ƴan fasali ya nuna mafi girman daidaito da sauƙin gani samfurin.Wannan yana nuna cewa aikin injiniyan fasalin da ke haifar da raguwar fasali muhimmin mataki ne na inganta aikin ƙirar.
Ta hanyar amfani da bishiyar yanke shawara da ake kula da koyo, taswirar tsakanin LS (shigarwar) da IS (fitarwa na manufa) ana ƙirƙira ta atomatik kuma ya ƙunshi cikakkun bayanai ga kowane LS.
Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kashi 34.9% na ɗalibai 255 sun gwammace zaɓi ɗaya (1) LS.Yawancin (54.3%) suna da zaɓi biyu ko fiye na LS.12.2% na ɗalibai sun lura cewa LS yana da daidaito sosai (Table 4).Baya ga manyan LS guda takwas, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan LS guda 34 don ɗaliban hakori na Jami'ar Malaya.Daga cikin su, fahimta, hangen nesa, da haɗuwa da fahimta da hangen nesa sune manyan LS da dalibai suka ruwaito (Hoto 7).
Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga Teburin 4, yawancin ɗalibai suna da firikwensin hankali (13.7%) ko na gani (8.6%) LS.An ba da rahoton cewa 12.2% na ɗalibai sun haɗu da fahimta tare da hangen nesa (fassara-gani LS).Waɗannan binciken suna ba da shawarar cewa ɗalibai sun fi son koyo da tunawa ta hanyar kafaffen hanyoyin, bin ƙayyadaddun matakai da cikakkun bayanai, kuma suna mai da hankali a cikin yanayi.Har ila yau, suna jin daɗin koyo ta hanyar kallo (ta amfani da zane-zane, da dai sauransu) kuma suna yin tattaunawa da amfani da bayanai a cikin kungiyoyi ko kuma da kansu.
Wannan binciken yana ba da bayyani kan dabarun koyan na'ura da ake amfani da su wajen haƙar ma'adinan bayanai, tare da mai da hankali kan tsinkayar LS ɗin ɗalibai nan take da kuma ba da shawarar IS masu dacewa.Yin amfani da samfurin bishiyar yanke shawara ya gano abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da rayuwarsu da abubuwan da suka shafi ilimi.Algorithm din inji ne da ke kulawa wanda ke amfani da tsarin bishiya don rarraba bayanai ta hanyar rarraba saitin bayanai zuwa ƙananan rukunoni bisa wasu ƙa'idodi.Yana aiki ta maimaita rarraba bayanan shigarwa zuwa sassa daban-daban dangane da ƙimar ɗayan sifofin shigarwa na kowane kumburin ciki har sai an yanke shawara a kumburin ganye.
Ƙungiyoyin ciki na bishiyar yanke shawara suna wakiltar mafita bisa ga halayen shigarwa na matsalar m-ILS, kuma nodes na ganye suna wakiltar tsinkayar LS na ƙarshe.A cikin binciken, yana da sauƙin fahimtar tsarin bishiyar yanke shawara waɗanda ke yin bayani da hangen nesa game da tsarin yanke shawara ta hanyar kallon alakar da ke tsakanin fasalin shigarwa da tsinkayar fitarwa.
A fannonin kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniyanci, ana amfani da algorithms na koyon injin don yin hasashen aikin ɗalibi bisa la'akari da sakamakon jarabawarsu [21], bayanan alƙaluma, da halayen koyo [22].Bincike ya nuna cewa algorithm ɗin ya yi hasashen aikin ɗalibi daidai kuma ya taimaka musu gano ɗaliban da ke cikin haɗari ga matsalolin ilimi.
An ba da rahoton aikace-aikacen algorithms na ML a cikin haɓaka na'urar kwaikwayo na haƙuri don horar da haƙori.Na'urar na'urar kwaikwayo tana da ikon sake haifar da daidaitattun martanin ilimin lissafin jiki na ainihin majinyata kuma ana iya amfani da su don horar da ɗaliban hakori a cikin yanayi mai aminci da sarrafawa [23].Wasu bincike da yawa sun nuna cewa algorithms na koyon injin na iya haɓaka inganci da inganci na ilimin haƙori da na likitanci da kulawar haƙuri.An yi amfani da algorithms na koyan na'ura don taimakawa wajen gano cututtukan hakori bisa ga tsarin bayanai kamar alamun bayyanar cututtuka da halayen haƙuri [24, 25].Yayin da wasu nazarin suka bincika yin amfani da algorithms na ilmantarwa na na'ura don yin ayyuka kamar tsinkaya sakamakon haƙuri, gano marasa lafiya masu haɗari, haɓaka shirye-shiryen jiyya na musamman [26], jiyya na lokaci-lokaci [27], da maganin caries [25].
Kodayake an buga rahotanni game da aikace-aikacen koyon injin a likitan hakora, aikace-aikacen sa a cikin ilimin haƙori ya kasance iyakance.Don haka, wannan binciken ya yi niyya don amfani da ƙirar bishiyar yanke shawara don gano abubuwan da suka fi kusanci da LS da IS tsakanin ɗaliban hakori.
Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna cewa kayan aikin shawarwarin da aka ƙera yana da daidaitattun daidaito da cikakkiyar daidaito, yana nuna cewa malamai za su iya amfana daga wannan kayan aiki.Yin amfani da tsarin rarraba bayanai, zai iya ba da shawarwari na musamman da inganta ƙwarewar ilimi da sakamako ga malamai da ɗalibai.Daga cikin su, bayanan da aka samu ta kayan aikin shawarwari na iya magance rikice-rikice tsakanin hanyoyin koyarwa da malamai suka fi so da bukatun koyo na ɗalibai.Misali, saboda fitarwa ta atomatik na kayan aikin shawarwari, lokacin da ake buƙata don gano IP ɗin ɗalibi da daidaita shi da IP ɗin daidai zai ragu sosai.Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya tsara ayyukan horarwa masu dacewa da kayan horo.Wannan yana taimakawa haɓaka halayen ilmantarwa na ɗalibai da ikon tattarawa.Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ya ba da rahoton cewa ba wa ɗalibai kayan ilmantarwa da ayyukan ilmantarwa waɗanda suka dace da LS da suka fi so na iya taimakawa dalibai su haɗa kai, tsari, da kuma jin dadin ilmantarwa ta hanyoyi da yawa don cimma mafi girma [12].Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa baya ga inganta shigar ɗalibai a cikin aji, fahimtar tsarin koyo na ɗalibai kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta ayyukan koyarwa da sadarwa tare da ɗalibai [28, 29].
Koyaya, kamar kowane fasaha na zamani, akwai matsaloli da iyakancewa.Waɗannan sun haɗa da batutuwan da suka shafi sirrin bayanai, son zuciya da daidaito, da ƙwarewar ƙwararru da albarkatun da ake buƙata don haɓakawa da aiwatar da algorithms na koyon injin a cikin ilimin haƙori;Koyaya, haɓaka sha'awa da bincike a wannan yanki sun nuna cewa fasahohin koyon injin na iya yin tasiri mai kyau akan ilimin haƙori da sabis na haƙori.
Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna cewa rabin daliban hakori suna da hali na "hankali" kwayoyi.Irin wannan ɗalibin yana da fifiko ga gaskiya da misalan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, dalla-dalla mai amfani, haƙuri don daki-daki, da fifikon “gani” LS, inda ɗalibai suka fi son amfani da hotuna, zane-zane, launuka, da taswira don isar da ra'ayoyi da tunani.Sakamakon yanzu ya yi daidai da sauran karatun ta amfani da ILS don tantance LS a cikin ɗaliban hakori da na likitanci, yawancin waɗanda ke da halaye na tsinkaye da LS na gani [12, 30].Dalmolin et al suna ba da shawarar cewa sanar da ɗalibai game da LS ɗin su yana ba su damar isa ga damar koyo.Masu bincike suna jayayya cewa lokacin da malamai suka fahimci tsarin ilmantarwa na dalibai, za a iya aiwatar da hanyoyi da ayyuka daban-daban na koyarwa da za su inganta aikin ɗalibai da ƙwarewar ilmantarwa [12, 31, 32].Sauran nazarin sun nuna cewa daidaita LS na ɗalibai kuma yana nuna haɓakawa a cikin ƙwarewar koyo da aikin ɗalibai bayan canza salon koyo don dacewa da nasu LS [13, 33].
Ra'ayoyin malamai na iya bambanta dangane da aiwatar da dabarun koyarwa bisa iyawar ɗalibai.Yayin da wasu ke ganin fa'idodin wannan hanyar, gami da damar haɓaka ƙwararru, jagoranci, da tallafin al'umma, wasu na iya damuwa game da lokaci da tallafin hukumomi.Ƙoƙarin daidaitawa shine mabuɗin don ƙirƙirar halin ɗalibi.Hukumomin ilimi mafi girma, kamar masu gudanar da jami'o'i, na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifar da canji mai kyau ta hanyar gabatar da sabbin ayyuka da tallafawa ci gaban ɗalibai [34].Don ƙirƙirar ingantaccen tsarin ilimi mai ƙarfi kuma mai ɗaukar hankali, masu tsara manufofi dole ne su ɗauki matakai masu ƙarfin gwiwa, kamar yin sauye-sauye na siyasa, ba da albarkatu ga haɗin gwiwar fasaha, da ƙirƙirar tsare-tsare waɗanda ke haɓaka hanyoyin dogaro da ɗalibai.Waɗannan matakan suna da mahimmanci don cimma sakamakon da ake so.Bincike na baya-bayan nan game da koyarwar da aka bambanta ya nuna a fili cewa nasarar aiwatar da koyarwa daban-daban yana buƙatar ci gaba da horarwa da damar ci gaba ga malamai [35].
Wannan kayan aiki yana ba da tallafi mai mahimmanci ga malaman haƙori waɗanda suke son ɗaukar tsarin kula da ɗalibi don tsara ayyukan ilmantarwa na abokantaka na ɗalibi.Koyaya, wannan binciken yana iyakance ga amfani da ƙirar ML yanke shawara.A nan gaba, ya kamata a tattara ƙarin bayanai don kwatanta aikin na'urori daban-daban na koyan injuna don kwatanta daidaito, dogaro, da daidaiton kayan aikin shawarwari.Bugu da ƙari, lokacin zabar hanyar koyon inji mafi dacewa don wani ɗawainiya, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da wasu abubuwa kamar ƙayyadaddun ƙira da fassarar.
Iyakar wannan binciken shine kawai ya mai da hankali kan taswirar LS da IS tsakanin ɗaliban hakori.Don haka, tsarin shawarwarin da aka haɓaka zai ba da shawarar waɗanda suka dace da ɗaliban hakori.Canje-canje ya zama dole don amfanin ɗalibin ilimi na gaba ɗaya.
Sabuwar ɓullo da inji koyo tushen shawarwari kayan aiki ne iya nan take rarraba da matching dalibai 'LS zuwa daidai IS, yin shi na farko hakori ilimi shirin don taimaka hakori malamai shirya dacewa koyarwa da koyo ayyukan.Yin amfani da tsarin rarraba bayanai, zai iya ba da shawarwari na musamman, adana lokaci, inganta dabarun koyarwa, tallafawa ayyukan da aka yi niyya, da haɓaka ci gaban ƙwararru.Aikace-aikacen sa zai haɓaka hanyoyin da suka shafi ɗalibi zuwa ilimin hakori.
Gilak Jani Associated Press.Daidaita ko rashin daidaituwa tsakanin salon karatun ɗalibi da salon koyarwar malami.Int J Mod Educ Kimiyyar Kwamfuta.2012; 4 (11): 51–60.doi.org/10.5815/ijmecs.2012.11.05
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-29-2024