Don nazarin aikace-aikacen haɗin gwiwar fasahar hoto na 3D da yanayin koyo na tushen matsala a cikin horo na asibiti da ke da alaka da aikin tiyata na kashin baya.
A cikin duka, an zaɓi ɗaliban 106 na karatun shekaru biyar a cikin ƙwararrun "Magungunan Kula da Lafiya" a matsayin batutuwa na binciken, waɗanda a cikin 2021 za su sami horon horo a cikin sashin ilimin orthopedics a asibitin haɗin gwiwa na Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Xuzhou.An rarraba waɗannan ɗaliban zuwa ƙungiyoyin gwaji da sarrafawa, tare da ɗalibai 53 a kowace ƙungiya.Ƙungiyar gwaji ta yi amfani da haɗin fasaha na 3D da kuma yanayin ilmantarwa na PBL, yayin da ƙungiyar kulawa ta yi amfani da hanyar ilmantarwa na gargajiya.Bayan horarwa, an kwatanta tasirin horo a cikin ƙungiyoyin biyu ta amfani da gwaje-gwaje da tambayoyin tambayoyi.
Jimlar ƙididdigewa akan gwajin ka'idar ɗaliban ƙungiyar gwaji ya fi na ɗaliban ƙungiyar kulawa.Daliban kungiyoyin biyu sun tantance makinsu da kansu a cikin darasin, yayin da maki na daliban rukunin gwaji ya fi na daliban kungiyar kulawa (P <0.05).Sha'awar koyo, yanayin aji, hulɗar aji, da gamsuwa da koyarwa sun kasance mafi girma a tsakanin ɗalibai a cikin ƙungiyar gwaji fiye da ƙungiyar kulawa (P <0.05).
Haɗin fasahar hoto na 3D da yanayin koyo na PBL lokacin koyar da aikin tiyata na kashin baya na iya haɓaka ƙwarewar koyo da sha'awar ɗalibai, da haɓaka haɓaka tunanin ɗalibai na asibiti.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda ci gaba da tara ilimin kimiyya da fasaha na asibiti, tambaya game da irin nau'in ilimin likitanci zai iya rage lokacin da ake bukata don canzawa daga daliban likita zuwa likitoci da sauri girma masu kyau mazauna ya zama abin damuwa.ya jawo hankali sosai [1].Ayyukan asibiti wani muhimmin mataki ne a cikin ci gaban tunanin asibiti da iya aiki na ɗaliban likitanci.Musamman, ayyukan fiɗa suna ɗora ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu a kan iyawar ɗalibai da sanin ilimin jikin ɗan adam.
A halin yanzu, salon koyarwa na gargajiya ya mamaye makarantu da magungunan asibiti [2].Hanyar koyarwa ta gargajiya ta shafi malamai: malami yana tsaye a kan wani mambari kuma yana isar da ilimi ga ɗalibai ta hanyoyin koyarwa na gargajiya kamar littattafan karatu da manhajojin multimedia.Dukkanin kwas din malami ne ke koyar da shi.Dalibai galibi suna sauraron laccoci, damar tattaunawa kyauta da tambayoyi sun iyakance.Sakamakon haka, wannan tsari na iya juyewa cikin sauƙi zuwa koyarwar gefe ɗaya ta bangaren malamai yayin da ɗalibai ke yarda da lamarin.Don haka, a cikin aikin koyarwa, malamai sukan gano cewa sha'awar karatun ba ta da yawa, sha'awar ba ta da yawa, kuma tasirin yana da kyau.Bugu da ƙari, yana da wuya a bayyana ƙayyadaddun tsarin kashin baya ta hanyar amfani da hotuna na 2D kamar PPT, litattafan ilmin jiki da hotuna, kuma ba shi da sauƙi ga dalibai su fahimta da sanin wannan ilimin [3].
A cikin 1969, an gwada sabuwar hanyar koyarwa, koyo na tushen matsala (PBL), a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar McMaster a Kanada.Ba kamar hanyoyin koyarwa na al'ada ba, tsarin koyo na PBL yana ɗaukar ɗalibai a matsayin ginshiƙi na tsarin ilmantarwa kuma yana amfani da tambayoyin da suka dace don sa xalibai damar koyo, tattaunawa da haɗin kai daban-daban a cikin ƙungiyoyi, yin tambayoyi da gaske da samun amsoshi maimakon karɓe su., 5].A cikin aiwatar da nazari da warware matsaloli, haɓaka ƙarfin ɗalibai don koyo mai zaman kansa da tunani mai ma'ana [6].Bugu da kari, godiya ga ci gaban fasahar likitanci na dijital, hanyoyin koyarwa na asibiti suma sun inganta sosai.Fasahar hoto ta 3D (3DV) tana ɗaukar ɗanyen bayanai daga hotunan likitanci, shigo da su cikin software na ƙirar ƙira don sake gina 3D, sannan aiwatar da bayanan don ƙirƙirar ƙirar 3D.Wannan hanya ta shawo kan iyakokin tsarin koyarwa na gargajiya, tana jan hankalin ɗalibai ta hanyoyi da yawa kuma tana taimaka wa ɗalibai da sauri su mallaki hadadden tsarin halittar jiki [7, 8], musamman a cikin ilimin orthopedic.Don haka, wannan labarin ya haɗu da waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyu don nazarin tasirin haɗa PBL tare da fasahar 3DV da yanayin koyo na al'ada a aikace-aikace.Sakamakon shine kamar haka.
Manufar binciken shine ɗalibai 106 waɗanda suka shiga aikin tiyata na kashin baya na asibitinmu a cikin 2021, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyin gwaji da sarrafawa ta amfani da tebur mai lamba, ɗalibai 53 a kowace ƙungiya.Ƙungiyar gwaji ta ƙunshi maza 25 da mata 28 masu shekaru 21 zuwa 23 shekaru, yana nufin shekaru 22.6± 0.8 shekaru.Ƙungiyar kulawa ta haɗa da maza 26 da mata 27 masu shekaru 21-24 shekaru, matsakaicin shekaru 22.6 ± 0.9 shekaru, duk ɗalibai ne masu horarwa.Babu wani gagarumin bambanci a cikin shekaru da jinsi tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu (P>0.05).
Sharuɗɗan haɗawa sune kamar haka: (1) ɗaliban karatun digiri na cikakken lokaci na shekara ta huɗu;(2) Daliban da za su iya bayyana ra'ayoyinsu na gaskiya a fili;(3) Daliban da za su iya fahimta da son rai su shiga cikin dukkan tsarin wannan binciken kuma su sanya hannu kan takardar yarda da aka sanar.Sharuɗɗan keɓancewa sune kamar haka: (1) Daliban da ba su cika kowane sharuɗɗan haɗawa ba;(2) Daliban da ba sa son shiga wannan horon saboda dalilai na kashin kansu;(3) Dalibai masu ƙwarewar koyarwa na PBL.
Shigo da ɗanyen bayanan CT cikin software na kwaikwayi kuma shigo da ginanniyar ƙirar cikin software na musamman na horo don nunawa.Samfurin ya ƙunshi nama na kashi, fayafai na intervertebral da jijiyoyi na kashin baya (Fig. 1).Ana wakilta sassa daban-daban ta launuka daban-daban, kuma ana iya haɓaka samfurin kuma a juya kamar yadda ake so.Babban fa'idar wannan dabarar ita ce, ana iya sanya yadudduka na CT akan ƙirar kuma ana iya daidaita bayyananniyar sassa daban-daban don guje wa ɓoyewa yadda ya kamata.
Duban baya da b Gefe view.a cikin L1, L3 da ƙashin ƙugu na samfurin suna bayyana.d Bayan haɗa hoton giciye na CT tare da ƙirar, zaku iya motsa shi sama da ƙasa don saita jiragen CT daban-daban.e Haɗaɗɗen samfurin sagittal CT hotuna da amfani da umarnin ɓoye don sarrafa L1 da L3
Babban abin da ke cikin horon shine kamar haka: 1) Bincike da maganin cututtuka na yau da kullum a cikin aikin tiyata;2) Ilimin ilimin halittar kashin baya, tunani da fahimtar abin da ya faru da ci gaban cututtuka;3) Bidiyon aiki da koyar da ilimin asali.Matakan aikin tiyata na al'ada, 4) Ganin cututtuka na al'ada a cikin aikin tiyata na kashin baya, 5) Ilimin ilimin ka'idar gargajiya don tunawa, ciki har da ka'idar Dennis' kashin kashin kashi uku, rarrabuwa na kashin baya, da rarrabuwa na herniated lumbar kashin baya.
Ƙungiya na gwaji: Hanyar koyarwa tana haɗuwa tare da PBL da fasahar hoto na 3D.Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa.1) Shirye-shiryen al'amuran al'ada a cikin aikin tiyata na kashin baya: Tattauna batutuwan spondylosis na cervical, lumbar disc herniation, da ƙwanƙwasawa na pyramidal, tare da kowane hali yana mai da hankali kan fannoni daban-daban na ilimi.Ana aika lokuta, ƙirar 3D da bidiyon tiyata ga ɗalibai mako guda kafin aji kuma ana ƙarfafa su suyi amfani da ƙirar 3D don gwada ilimin halittar jiki.2) Shirye-shirye: Minti 10 kafin aji, gabatar da ɗalibai zuwa takamaiman tsarin koyo na PBL, ƙarfafa ɗalibai su shiga cikin himma, yin cikakken amfani da lokaci, da kammala ayyukan cikin hikima.An gudanar da rukuni bayan samun izinin duk mahalarta.Ɗauki ɗalibai 8 zuwa 10 a cikin rukuni, ku shiga ƙungiyoyi cikin 'yanci don yin tunani game da bayanan bincike na shari'a, tunani game da nazarin kai, shiga cikin tattaunawar rukuni, amsa juna, a ƙarshe taƙaita mahimman batutuwa, tsara bayanai na tsari, da rikodin tattaunawar.Zaɓi ɗalibi mai ƙarfi na ƙungiya da ƙwarewar bayyanawa a matsayin jagoran ƙungiya don tsara tattaunawa da gabatarwa.3) Jagorar Malami: Malamai suna amfani da software na kwaikwayo don bayyana yanayin jikin kashin baya a hade tare da al'amuran al'ada, kuma ya ba wa dalibai damar yin amfani da software don yin ayyuka kamar zuƙowa, juyawa, sake mayar da CT da daidaita daidaiton nama;Don samun zurfin fahimta da haddar tsarin cutar, da kuma taimaka musu suyi tunani da kansu game da manyan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a farkon, haɓakawa da kuma yanayin cutar.4) Musayar ra'ayi da tattaunawa.Don amsa tambayoyin da aka jera a gaban aji, gabatar da jawabai don tattaunawa a aji kuma gayyaci kowane shugaban rukuni don bayar da rahoto game da sakamakon tattaunawar rukuni bayan isasshen lokaci don tattaunawa.A cikin wannan lokaci, ƙungiyar za ta iya yin tambayoyi da kuma taimaka wa juna, yayin da malami ya buƙaci ya tsara da kuma fahimtar salon tunanin ɗalibai da matsalolin da ke tattare da su.5) Takaitaccen bayani: Bayan tattaunawa da dalibai, malami zai yi tsokaci kan wasan kwaikwayon da daliban ke yi, sannan ya yi takaitaccen bayani dalla-dalla da kuma ba da amsa dalla-dalla da wasu tambayoyi na gama-gari da kuma masu janyo cece-kuce, sannan ya zayyana alkiblar koyo a nan gaba domin dalibai su dace da tsarin koyarwa na PBL.
Ƙungiyar kulawa tana amfani da yanayin koyo na al'ada, yana ba wa ɗalibai umarni su samfoti kayan kafin aji.Don gudanar da laccoci na ka'idar, malamai suna amfani da fararen allo, manhajoji na multimedia, kayan bidiyo, samfuran samfuri da sauran kayan aikin koyarwa, sannan kuma suna tsara tsarin horarwa daidai da kayan koyarwa.A matsayin kari ga tsarin karatun, wannan tsari yana mai da hankali kan matsalolin da suka dace da mahimman abubuwan littafin.Bayan kammala karatun, malamin ya taƙaita abubuwan kuma ya ƙarfafa ɗalibai su haddace da fahimtar ilimin da ya dace.
Dangane da abun da ke cikin horon, an karɓi jarrabawar rufaffiyar littafi.An zaɓi ainihin tambayoyin daga tambayoyi masu dacewa waɗanda likitocin likita suka yi tsawon shekaru.Ma'aikatar Orthopedics ce ta tsara tambayoyi masu mahimmanci kuma a ƙarshe membobin malamai waɗanda ba su yi jarrabawar sun tantance su ba.Shiga cikin koyo.Cikakkun alamar jarrabawar ita ce maki 100, kuma abin da ke cikinsa ya ƙunshi sassa biyu masu zuwa: 1) Tambayoyi masu manufa (mafi yawan tambayoyin zaɓin zaɓi), waɗanda galibi suna gwada ƙwarewar ɗalibai kan abubuwan ilimi, wanda shine kashi 50% na jimlar maki. ;2) Tambayoyi masu mahimmanci (tambayoyin bincike na shari'a), yawanci sun fi mayar da hankali kan tsarin fahimta da nazarin cututtuka ta dalibai, wanda shine 50% na jimlar maki.
A karshen kwas an gabatar da takardar tambaya mai kunshe da sassa biyu da tambayoyi tara.Babban abin da ke cikin waɗannan tambayoyin ya yi daidai da abubuwan da aka gabatar a cikin tebur, kuma dole ne ɗalibai su amsa tambayoyin kan waɗannan abubuwan tare da cikakkiyar alamar maki 10 da ƙaramin alamar maki 1.Maki mafi girma yana nuna gamsuwar ɗalibi.Tambayoyin da ke cikin Tebur 2 game da ko haɗin PBL da 3DV hanyoyin koyo na iya taimaka wa ɗalibai su fahimci hadadden ilimin ƙwararru.Abubuwan tebur na 3 suna nuna gamsuwar ɗalibi tare da hanyoyin koyo guda biyu.
An bincika dukkan bayanai ta amfani da software na SPSS 25;An bayyana sakamakon gwajin azaman ma'anar ± daidaitaccen karkacewa (x ± s).An yi nazarin ƙididdiga masu yawa ta hanyar ANOVA ta hanya ɗaya, an yi nazarin bayanan ƙididdiga ta gwajin χ2, kuma an yi amfani da gyaran Bonferroni don kwatantawa da yawa.Bambanci mai mahimmanci (P <0.05).
Sakamakon ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na ƙungiyoyin biyu ya nuna cewa ƙididdiga akan tambayoyi masu mahimmanci (tambayoyi masu yawa) na ɗaliban ƙungiyar kulawa sun fi girma fiye da na ɗaliban ƙungiyar gwaji (P <0.05), da maki. na ɗaliban ƙungiyar kulawa sun fi girma, fiye da ɗaliban ƙungiyar gwaji (P <0.05).Yawan tambayoyin batutuwa (tambayoyin nazarin shari'a) na ɗaliban ƙungiyar gwaji sun fi na ɗaliban ƙungiyar kulawa (P <0.01), duba Table.1.
An rarraba takardun tambayoyin da ba a san su ba bayan duk azuzuwan.A cikin duka, an rarraba takardun tambayoyi 106, 106 daga cikinsu an mayar da su, yayin da adadin farfadowa ya kasance 100.0%.An kammala duk fom.Kwatanta sakamakon binciken da aka gudanar kan matakin mallakar ilimin sana'a tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu na dalibai ya nuna cewa daliban kungiyar gwaji sun kware kan manyan matakai na tiyatar kashin baya, ilmin tsare-tsare, rabe-raben cututtuka na gargajiya, da dai sauransu. .Bambancin ya kasance mai mahimmanci a ƙididdiga (P <0.05) kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 2.
Kwatanta martani ga tambayoyin tambayoyi masu alaƙa da gamsuwar koyarwa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu: ɗalibai a cikin rukunin gwaji sun sami maki sama da ɗalibai a cikin ƙungiyar kulawa dangane da sha'awar koyo, yanayin aji, hulɗar aji, da gamsuwa da koyarwa.Bambancin yana da mahimmanci a ƙididdiga (P <0.05).Ana nuna cikakkun bayanai a cikin Table 3.
Tare da ci gaba da tarawa da haɓaka kimiyya da fasaha, musamman yayin da muka shiga karni na 21, aikin asibiti a asibitoci yana ƙara daɗaɗawa.Don tabbatar da cewa ɗaliban likitanci za su iya saurin daidaita aikin asibiti da haɓaka ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitanci don amfanin al'umma, koyaswar al'ada da tsarin nazarin haɗin gwiwa suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen magance matsalolin asibiti masu amfani.Tsarin gargajiya na ilimin likitanci a cikin ƙasata yana da fa'idodin yawan bayanai a cikin aji, ƙarancin buƙatun muhalli, da tsarin ilimin ilimin koyarwa wanda zai iya cika buƙatun koyarwar darussa [9].Duk da haka, wannan nau'i na ilimi zai iya haifar da rata tsakanin ka'idar da aiki cikin sauƙi, raguwa a cikin himma da sha'awar ɗalibai a cikin ilmantarwa, rashin iyawa don nazarin cututtuka masu rikitarwa a cikin aikin asibiti kuma, sabili da haka, ba zai iya biyan bukatun likita mafi girma ba. ilimi.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, matakin aikin tiyata na kashin baya a cikin ƙasata ya karu da sauri, kuma koyarwar tiyata ta kashin baya ta fuskanci sababbin kalubale.A lokacin horar da daliban likitanci, bangaren da ya fi wahala a aikin tiyata shi ne likitan kashi, musamman tiyatar kashin baya.Abubuwan ilimi ba su da yawa kuma suna damuwa ba kawai nakasar kashin baya da cututtuka ba, har ma da raunuka da ciwace-ciwacen kashi.Wadannan ra'ayoyin ba kawai a hankali ba ne kuma masu rikitarwa, amma har ma suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud da jiki, ilimin cututtuka, hoto, biomechanics, da sauran fannonin ilimi, yana sa abubuwan da ke cikin su da wahala a fahimta da tunawa.Har ila yau, yawancin wuraren tiyata na kashin baya suna haɓaka cikin sauri, kuma ilimin da ke cikin littattafan da ake da su ya tsufa, wanda ke da wuya ga malamai su iya koyarwa.Don haka, canza tsarin koyarwa na al'ada da haɗa sabbin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin bincike na duniya na iya sanya koyarwar ilimin ƙa'idar da ta dace ta zama mai amfani, haɓaka ikon ɗalibai don yin tunani a hankali, da ƙarfafa ɗalibai su yi tunani sosai.Wadannan gazawar a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa na yanzu suna buƙatar a magance su cikin gaggawa don gano iyakoki da iyakokin ilimin likitancin zamani da shawo kan shingen gargajiya [10].
Samfurin koyo na PBL hanya ce ta ilmantarwa wacce ta shafi ɗalibi.Ta hanyar himma, koyo mai zaman kansa da tattaunawa mai ma'amala, ɗalibai za su iya fitar da cikakkiyar sha'awarsu kuma su ƙaura daga yarda da ilimin da ba su da kyau zuwa sa hannu cikin koyarwar malami.Idan aka kwatanta da yanayin koyo na tushen lacca, ɗaliban da ke shiga cikin yanayin koyo na PBL suna da isasshen lokaci don amfani da littattafan karatu, Intanet, da software don nemo amsoshin tambayoyi, tunani da kansa, da kuma tattauna batutuwa masu alaƙa a cikin rukunin rukuni.Wannan hanyar tana haɓaka ikon ɗalibai don yin tunani da kansa, nazarin matsaloli da warware matsaloli [11].A cikin tsarin tattaunawa na kyauta, ɗalibai daban-daban na iya samun ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da batun guda ɗaya, wanda ke ba ɗalibai dandamali don faɗaɗa tunanin su.Haɓaka tunanin kirkire-kirkire da ikon tunani na hankali ta hanyar ci gaba da tunani, da haɓaka iya magana ta baki da ruhin ƙungiyar ta hanyar sadarwa tsakanin abokan karatun [12].Mafi mahimmanci, koyar da PBL yana ba wa ɗalibai damar fahimtar yadda za a yi nazari, tsarawa da kuma amfani da ilimin da ya dace, ƙware hanyoyin koyarwa daidai da inganta ƙwarewar su [13].A yayin aikin bincikenmu, mun gano cewa ɗalibai sun fi sha'awar koyon yadda ake amfani da software na hoto na 3D fiye da fahimtar dabarun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likita daga litattafan rubutu, don haka a cikin bincikenmu, ɗalibai a rukunin gwaji suna da sha'awar shiga cikin koyo. tsari.mafi kyau fiye da ƙungiyar kulawa.Malamai su kwadaitar da dalibai su yi magana da karfin gwiwa, su bunkasa fahimtar darussa, da kuma karfafa sha’awar shiga cikin tattaunawa.Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa, bisa ga ilimin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na injiniya, aikin ɗalibai a cikin ƙungiyar gwaji ya fi ƙasa da na ƙungiyar kulawa, duk da haka, akan nazarin wani lamari na asibiti, yana buƙatar aikace-aikacen hadaddun ilimin da ya dace, da aikin ɗalibai a cikin ƙungiyar gwaji ya fi kyau a cikin ƙungiyar kulawa, wanda ke jaddada dangantakar dake tsakanin 3DV da ƙungiyar kulawa.Amfanin hada magungunan gargajiya.Hanyar koyarwa ta PBL tana nufin haɓaka iyawar ɗalibai na kowane zagaye.
Koyarwar ilmin jikin mutum yana tsakiyar cibiyar koyar da aikin tiyatar kashin baya.Saboda hadadden tsari na kashin baya da kuma gaskiyar cewa aikin ya ƙunshi nau'i mai mahimmanci irin su kashin baya, jijiyoyi, da jini, dalibai suna buƙatar yin tunanin sararin samaniya don koyo.A baya can, ɗalibai sun yi amfani da hotuna masu girma biyu kamar zane-zane na littattafai da hotuna na bidiyo don bayyana ilimin da ya dace, amma duk da wannan adadin abu, ɗalibai ba su da hankali da ma'ana mai girma uku a wannan bangare, wanda ya haifar da wahala a fahimta.Bisa la'akari da ingantattun siffofi na ilimin lissafi da ilimin cututtuka na kashin baya, irin su dangantakar dake tsakanin jijiyoyi na kashin baya da sassan jiki na vertebral, don wasu mahimman bayanai da wuyar gaske, irin su ƙididdiga da rarrabawar ɓarna na mahaifa.Yawancin ɗalibai sun ba da rahoton cewa abin da ke cikin aikin tiyata na kashin baya yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan, kuma ba za su iya fahimta sosai ba yayin karatunsu, kuma an manta da ilimin da aka koya ba da daɗewa ba bayan aji, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli a cikin aiki na gaske.
Yin amfani da fasaha na gani na 3D, marubucin yana ba wa ɗalibai cikakkun hotuna na 3D, sassa daban-daban waɗanda ke wakilta da launi daban-daban.Godiya ga ayyuka kamar jujjuyawar, ƙira da nuna gaskiya, ana iya kallon samfurin kashin baya da hotunan CT a cikin yadudduka.Ba wai kawai za a iya lura da sifofin jiki na jikin kashin baya ba, amma kuma yana motsa sha'awar ɗalibai don samun hoton CT mai ban sha'awa na kashin baya.da kuma kara karfafa ilimi a fagen gani.Ba kamar samfura da kayan aikin koyarwa da aka yi amfani da su a baya ba, aikin sarrafawa na gaskiya na iya magance matsalar ɓoyewa yadda ya kamata, kuma ya fi dacewa ga ɗalibai su lura da kyakkyawan tsarin halittar jiki da hadadden jagorar jijiya, musamman ga masu farawa.Dalibai za su iya yin aiki cikin 'yanci muddin sun kawo nasu kwamfutoci, kuma da wuya babu wasu kudade masu alaƙa.Wannan hanyar ita ce kyakkyawar musanyawa don horar da al'ada ta amfani da hotunan 2D [14].A cikin wannan binciken, ƙungiyar kulawa ta yi aiki mafi kyau a kan tambayoyi masu mahimmanci, yana nuna cewa ba za a iya ƙaryata samfurin koyarwar lacca gaba ɗaya ba kuma har yanzu yana da wasu ƙima a cikin koyarwar asibiti na tiyata na kashin baya.Wannan binciken ya sa mu yi la'akari da ko za a haɗa yanayin koyo na al'ada tare da yanayin ilmantarwa na PBL da aka inganta tare da fasahar gani na 3D, wanda ke niyya nau'ikan jarrabawa daban-daban da ɗalibai na matakai daban-daban, don haɓaka tasirin ilimi.Duk da haka, ba a bayyana ko da kuma yadda za a iya haɗa waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyu ba da kuma ko dalibai za su yarda da irin wannan haɗuwa, wanda zai iya zama jagora ga bincike na gaba.Wannan binciken kuma yana fuskantar wasu lahani kamar yiwuwar tabbatar da son zuciya lokacin da ɗalibai suka kammala takardar tambaya bayan sun fahimci za su shiga cikin sabon tsarin ilimi.Ana aiwatar da wannan gwajin koyarwa ne kawai a cikin mahallin aikin tiyata na kashin baya kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaji idan ana iya amfani da shi ga koyarwar duk hanyoyin tiyata.
Mun haɗu da fasahar hoto na 3D tare da yanayin horo na PBL, mun shawo kan iyakokin yanayin horo na gargajiya da kayan aikin koyarwa, da kuma nazarin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen wannan haɗin gwiwa a cikin horo na gwaji na asibiti a cikin aikin tiyata na kashin baya.Yin la'akari da sakamakon gwajin, sakamakon jarrabawar gwaji na ɗalibai na ƙungiyar gwaji ya fi na ɗaliban ƙungiyar kulawa (P <0.05), da kuma ilimin ƙwararru da gamsuwa da darussan ɗaliban ƙungiyar gwaji. kuma sun fi na ɗaliban ƙungiyar gwaji.ƙungiyar kulawa (P <0.05).Sakamakon binciken binciken ya fi na ƙungiyar kulawa (P <0.05).Don haka, gwaje-gwajenmu sun tabbatar da cewa haɗin fasahar PBL da 3DV suna da amfani wajen ba wa ɗalibai damar yin tunani na asibiti, samun ilimin ƙwararru, da ƙara sha'awar koyo.
Haɗin fasahar PBL da 3DV na iya inganta ingantaccen aikin ɗaliban likitanci a fagen aikin tiyata na kashin baya, haɓaka ƙwarewar koyo da sha'awar ɗalibai, da kuma taimakawa haɓaka tunanin ɗalibi.Fasahar hoto ta 3D tana da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci wajen koyar da ilimin halittar jiki, kuma tasirin koyarwa gabaɗaya ya fi yanayin koyarwa na gargajiya.
Rubutun bayanan da aka yi amfani da su da/ko aka yi nazari a cikin binciken na yanzu suna samuwa daga mawallafa bisa ga buƙatu mai ma'ana.Ba mu da izini na ɗabi'a don loda bayanan bayanai zuwa ma'ajiyar.Lura cewa duk bayanan binciken an ɓoye su don dalilai na sirri.
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Sashen tiyata na kashin baya, asibitin reshen jami'ar likitancin Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, Sin
Duk marubutan sun ba da gudummawa ga ra'ayi da ƙira na binciken.Sun Maji, Chu Fuchao da Feng Yuan ne suka gudanar da shirye-shiryen kayan aiki, tattara bayanai da bincike.Chunjiu Gao ne ya rubuta daftarin farko na rubutun, kuma dukkan marubutan sun yi tsokaci a kan nau'ikan rubutun da suka gabata.Marubutan sun karanta kuma sun amince da rubutun ƙarshe.
Kwamitin da'a na Jami'ar Likita ta Xuzhou ya amince da wannan binciken (XYFY2017-JS029-01).Duk mahalarta sun ba da izini da aka sani kafin binciken, duk batutuwan sun kasance manya masu lafiya, kuma binciken bai karya sanarwar Helsinki ba.Tabbatar cewa duk hanyoyin ana yin su daidai da ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa.
Springer Nature ya kasance tsaka tsaki a kan iƙirarin shari'a a cikin taswirorin da aka buga da alaƙar hukumomi.
Bude shiga.Ana rarraba wannan labarin a ƙarƙashin Creative Creative Mahimmancin Al'adun Kasa da Kasa da Kasa da Kasa, Wanda aka Iya Sanarwa da Ka'idodin Asali da Maƙasudin Kulawa idan an yi canje-canje.Hotuna ko wani abu na ɓangare na uku a cikin wannan labarin an haɗa su ƙarƙashin lasisin Creative Commons don wannan labarin, sai dai in an lura da shi a cikin sifofin kayan.Idan ba a haɗa kayan a cikin lasisin Creative Commons na labarin ba kuma doka ko ƙa'ida ba ta ba da izinin amfani da abin da aka yi nufi ba ko ya wuce abin da aka yarda da shi, kuna buƙatar samun izini kai tsaye daga mai haƙƙin mallaka.Don duba kwafin wannan lasisi, ziyarci http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Ƙirƙirar Commons (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ɓata yankin jama'a ya shafi bayanan da aka bayar a cikin wannan labarin, sai dai in an lura da shi a cikin marubucin bayanan.
Sun Ming, Chu Fang, Gao Cheng, et al.Hoto na 3D haɗe tare da ƙirar koyo na tushen matsala a cikin koyar da tiyatar kashin baya BMC Ilimin Kiwon Lafiya 22, 840 (2022).doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03931-5
Ta amfani da wannan rukunin yanar gizon, kun yarda da Sharuɗɗan Amfaninmu, haƙƙin sirrin ku na jihar Amurka, Bayanin Sirri da Manufar Kuki.Zaɓuɓɓukan Sirrinku / Sarrafa Kukis ɗin da Muke Amfani da su a Cibiyar Saiti.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-04-2023